VictoriaMetrics/vendor/github.com/go-kit/kit/log/README.md

# package log

**Deprecation notice:** The core Go kit log packages (log, log/level, log/term, and
log/syslog) have been moved to their own repository at github.com/go-kit/log.
The corresponding packages in this directory remain for backwards compatibility.
Their types alias the types and their functions call the functions provided by
the new repository. Using either import path should be equivalent. Prefer the
new import path when practical.

______

`package log` provides a minimal interface for structured logging in services.
It may be wrapped to encode conventions, enforce type-safety, provide leveled
logging, and so on. It can be used for both typical application log events,
and log-structured data streams.

## Structured logging

Structured logging is, basically, conceding to the reality that logs are
_data_, and warrant some level of schematic rigor. Using a stricter,
key/value-oriented message format for our logs, containing contextual and
semantic information, makes it much easier to get insight into the
operational activity of the systems we build. Consequently, `package log` is
of the strong belief that "[the benefits of structured logging outweigh the
minimal effort involved](https://www.thoughtworks.com/radar/techniques/structured-logging)".

Migrating from unstructured to structured logging is probably a lot easier
than you'd expect.

```go
// Unstructured
log.Printf("HTTP server listening on %s", addr)

// Structured
logger.Log("transport", "HTTP", "addr", addr, "msg", "listening")
```

## Usage

### Typical application logging

```go
w := log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stderr)
logger := log.NewLogfmtLogger(w)
logger.Log("question", "what is the meaning of life?", "answer", 42)

// Output:
// question="what is the meaning of life?" answer=42
```

### Contextual Loggers

```go
func main() {
	var logger log.Logger
	logger = log.NewLogfmtLogger(log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stderr))
	logger = log.With(logger, "instance_id", 123)

	logger.Log("msg", "starting")
	NewWorker(log.With(logger, "component", "worker")).Run()
	NewSlacker(log.With(logger, "component", "slacker")).Run()
}

// Output:
// instance_id=123 msg=starting
// instance_id=123 component=worker msg=running
// instance_id=123 component=slacker msg=running
```

### Interact with stdlib logger

Redirect stdlib logger to Go kit logger.

```go
import (
	"os"
	stdlog "log"
	kitlog "github.com/go-kit/kit/log"
)

func main() {
	logger := kitlog.NewJSONLogger(kitlog.NewSyncWriter(os.Stdout))
	stdlog.SetOutput(kitlog.NewStdlibAdapter(logger))
	stdlog.Print("I sure like pie")
}

// Output:
// {"msg":"I sure like pie","ts":"2016/01/01 12:34:56"}
```

Or, if, for legacy reasons, you need to pipe all of your logging through the
stdlib log package, you can redirect Go kit logger to the stdlib logger.

```go
logger := kitlog.NewLogfmtLogger(kitlog.StdlibWriter{})
logger.Log("legacy", true, "msg", "at least it's something")

// Output:
// 2016/01/01 12:34:56 legacy=true msg="at least it's something"
```

### Timestamps and callers

```go
var logger log.Logger
logger = log.NewLogfmtLogger(log.NewSyncWriter(os.Stderr))
logger = log.With(logger, "ts", log.DefaultTimestampUTC, "caller", log.DefaultCaller)

logger.Log("msg", "hello")

// Output:
// ts=2016-01-01T12:34:56Z caller=main.go:15 msg=hello
```

## Levels

Log levels are supported via the [level package](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-kit/kit/log/level).

## Supported output formats

- [Logfmt](https://brandur.org/logfmt) ([see also](https://blog.codeship.com/logfmt-a-log-format-thats-easy-to-read-and-write))
- JSON

## Enhancements

`package log` is centered on the one-method Logger interface.

```go
type Logger interface {
	Log(keyvals ...interface{}) error
}
```

This interface, and its supporting code like is the product of much iteration
and evaluation. For more details on the evolution of the Logger interface,
see [The Hunt for a Logger Interface](http://go-talks.appspot.com/github.com/ChrisHines/talks/structured-logging/structured-logging.slide#1),
a talk by [Chris Hines](https://github.com/ChrisHines).
Also, please see
[#63](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/issues/63),
[#76](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/pull/76),
[#131](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/issues/131),
[#157](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/pull/157),
[#164](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/issues/164), and
[#252](https://github.com/go-kit/kit/pull/252)
to review historical conversations about package log and the Logger interface.

Value-add packages and suggestions,
like improvements to [the leveled logger](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-kit/kit/log/level),
are of course welcome. Good proposals should

- Be composable with [contextual loggers](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-kit/kit/log#With),
- Not break the behavior of [log.Caller](https://godoc.org/github.com/go-kit/kit/log#Caller) in any wrapped contextual loggers, and
- Be friendly to packages that accept only an unadorned log.Logger.

## Benchmarks & comparisons

There are a few Go logging benchmarks and comparisons that include Go kit's package log.

- [imkira/go-loggers-bench](https://github.com/imkira/go-loggers-bench) includes kit/log
- [uber-common/zap](https://github.com/uber-common/zap), a zero-alloc logging library, includes a comparison with kit/log