VictoriaMetrics/docs/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry.md

---
weight: 5
title: How to use OpenTelemetry metrics with VictoriaMetrics
menu:
  docs:
    parent: "guides"
    weight: 5
---

VictoriaMetrics supports metrics ingestion with [OpenTelemetry metrics format](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/).
This guide covers data ingestion via [opentelemetry-collector](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/) and direct metrics push from application.

## Pre-Requirements  

* [kubernetes cluster](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/#kind)
* [kubectl](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl)
* [helm](https://helm.sh/docs/intro/install/)

### Install VictoriaMetrics single-server via helm chart

Install single-server version:
```sh
helm repo add vm https://victoriametrics.github.io/helm-charts/
helm repo update 
helm install victoria-metrics vm/victoria-metrics-single
```

Verify it's up and running:

```sh
kubectl get pods
# victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server-0   1/1     Running   0          3m1s
```

Helm chart provides the following urls for reading and writing data:

 ```text
Write url inside the kubernetes cluster:
    http://victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server.default.svc.cluster.local:8428

Read Data:
  The following url can be used as the datasource url in Grafana:
    http://victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server.default.svc.cluster.local:8428
```

## Using opentelemetry-collector with VictoriaMetrics

<img src="/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry-collector.webp">

### Deploy opentelemetry-collector and configure metrics forwarding

```sh
helm repo add open-telemetry https://open-telemetry.github.io/opentelemetry-helm-charts
helm repo update 

# add values
cat << EOF > values.yaml
presets:
  clusterMetrics:
    enabled: true
config:
  exporters:
   prometheusremotewrite:
     endpoint: "http://victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server.default.svc.cluster.local:8428/api/v1/write" 
  service:
      pipelines:
        metrics:
          receivers: [otlp]
          processors: []
          exporters: [prometheusremotewrite] 
EOF

# install helm chart
helm upgrade -i otl-collector open-telemetry/opentelemetry-collector --set mode=deployment -f values.yaml

# check if pod is healthy
kubectl get pod
NAME                                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
otl-colletor-opentelemetry-collector-7467bbb559-2pq2n   1/1     Running   0          23m

# forward port to local machine to verify metrics are ingested
kubectl port-forward victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server-0 8428

# check metric `k8s_container_ready` via browser http://localhost:8428/vmui/#/?g0.expr=k8s_container_ready
```

The full version of possible configuration options could be found in [OpenTelemetry docs](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/collector/configuration/).

## Direct metrics push

Metrics could be ingested into VictoriaMetrics directly with HTTP requests. You can use any compatible OpenTelemetry 
instrumentation [clients](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/languages/).
In our example, we'll create a WEB server in [Golang](https://go.dev/) and instrument it with metrics.

<img src="/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry-direct.webp">


### Building the Go application instrumented with metrics

See the full source code of the example [here](/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry-app.go.example).

The list of OpenTelemetry dependencies for `go.mod` is the following:

```go
go 1.20

require (
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.7.0
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric v0.30.0
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v0.30.0
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v0.30.0
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.7.0
	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v0.30.0
)
```

Let's create a new file `main.go` with basic implementation of the WEB server:
```go
package main

func main() {
  mux := http.NewServeMux()
  mux.HandleFunc("/api/fast", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
    writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    writer.Write([]byte(`fast ok`))
  })
  mux.HandleFunc("/api/slow", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
    time.Sleep(time.Second * 2)
    writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
    writer.Write([]byte(`slow ok`))
  })

  mw, err := newMetricsMiddleware(mux)
  if err != nil {
    panic(fmt.Sprintf("cannot build metricMiddleWare: %q", err))
  }

  go func() {
    http.ListenAndServe("localhost:8081", mw)
  }()
}
```

In the code above, we used `newMetricsMiddleware` function to create a `handler` for our server.
Let's define it below:
```go

type metricMiddleWare struct {
	h               http.Handler
	requestsCount   syncint64.Counter
	requestsLatency syncfloat64.Histogram
	activeRequests  int64
}

func newMetricsMiddleware(h http.Handler) (*metricMiddleWare, error) {
	mw := &metricMiddleWare{h: h}
	mc, err := newMetricsController(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot build metrics collector: %w", err)
	}
	global.SetMeterProvider(mc)

	prov := mc.Meter("")

	mw.requestsLatency, err = prov.SyncFloat64().Histogram("http_request_latency_seconds")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create histogram: %w", err)
	}
	mw.requestsCount, err = prov.SyncInt64().Counter("http_requests_total")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create syncInt64 counter: %w", err)
	}
	ar, err := prov.AsyncInt64().Gauge("http_active_requests")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create AsyncInt64 gauge: %w", err)
	}
	if err := prov.RegisterCallback([]instrument.Asynchronous{ar}, func(ctx context.Context) {
		ar.Observe(ctx, atomic.LoadInt64(&mw.activeRequests))
	}); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot Register int64 gauge: %w", err)
	}

	return mw, nil
}
```

The new type `metricMiddleWare` is instrumented with 3 [metrics](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/data-model/#timeseries-model)
initialized in `newMetricsMiddleware` method:
* counter `http_requests_total`
* histogram `http_request_latency_seconds`
* gauge `http_active_requests`

Let's implement http.Handler interface for `metricMiddleWare` by adding `ServeHTTP` method:
```go
func (m *metricMiddleWare) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	t := time.Now()
	path := r.URL.Path
	m.requestsCount.Add(nil, 1, attribute.String("path", path))
	atomic.AddInt64(&m.activeRequests, 1)
	defer func() {
		atomic.AddInt64(&m.activeRequests, -1)
		m.requestsLatency.Record(nil, time.Since(t).Seconds(), attribute.String("path", path))
	}()
	m.h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
}
```

In method above, our middleware processes received HTTP requests and updates metrics with each new request. 
But for these metrics to be shipped we need to add a new method `newMetricsController` to organize metrics collection:
```go
func newMetricsController(ctx context.Context) (*controller.Controller, error) {
	options := []otlpmetrichttp.Option{
		otlpmetrichttp.WithEndpoint("<VictoriaMetrics endpoint - host:port>"),
		otlpmetrichttp.WithURLPath("/opentelemetry/api/v1/push"),
	}

	metricExporter, err := otlpmetrichttp.New(ctx, options...)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create otlphttp exporter: %w", err)
	}

	resourceConfig, err := resource.New(ctx, resource.WithAttributes(attribute.String("job", "otlp"), attribute.String("instance", "localhost")))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create meter resource: %w", err)
	}
	meterController := controller.New(
		processor.NewFactory(
			selector.NewWithHistogramDistribution(
				histogram.WithExplicitBoundaries([]float64{0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 100.0}),
			),
			aggregation.CumulativeTemporalitySelector(),
			processor.WithMemory(true),
		),
		controller.WithExporter(metricExporter),
		controller.WithCollectPeriod(time.Second * 10),
		controller.WithResource(resourceConfig),
	)
	if err := meterController.Start(ctx); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot start meter controller: %w", err)
	}
	return meterController, nil
}
```

This controller will collect and push collected metrics to VictoriaMetrics address with interval of `10s`.

See the full source code of the example [here](/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry-app.go.example).

### Test metrics ingestion

For metrics from our WEB server to be shipped to VictoriaMetrics we need make it available for ingestion.
In previous steps we already deployed a single-server VictoriaMetrics, so let's make it available locally:
```sh
# port-forward victoriametrics to ingest metrics
kubectl port-forward victoria-metrics-victoria-metrics-single-server-0 8428
```

Now let's run our WEB server and call its APIs:
```sh
# build and run the app
go run main.go 
2024/03/25 19:27:41 Starting web server...
2024/03/25 19:27:41 web server started at localhost:8081.

# execute few queries with curl
curl http://localhost:8081/api/fast
curl http://localhost:8081/api/slow
```

Open [vmui](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#vmui) and query `http_requests_total` or `http_active_requests`
with [metricsql](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/metricsql/).

<img src= "/guides/getting-started-with-opentelemetry-vmui.webp">

## Limitations

* VictoriaMetrics doesn't support experimental JSON encoding [format](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-proto/blob/main/examples/metrics.json).
* VictoriaMetrics supports only `AggregationTemporalityCumulative` type for [histogram](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/data-model/#histogram) and [summary](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/metrics/data-model/#summary-legacy)