lib/storage: remove prioritizing of merging small parts over merging big parts, since it doesn't work as expected

The prioritizing could lead to big merge starvation, which could end up in too big number of parts that must be merged into big parts.

Multiple big merges may be initiated after the migration from v1.39.0 or v1.39.1. It is OK - these merges should be finished soon,
which should return CPU and disk IO usage to normal levels.

Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/648
Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/618

app/vmstorage/main.go

@@ -363,9 +363,6 @@ func registerStorageMetrics(strg *storage.Storage) {
 	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_search_delays_total`, func() float64 {
 		return float64(m().SearchDelays)
 	})
-	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_big_merges_delays_total`, func() float64 {
-		return float64(tm().BigMergesDelays)
-	})
 
 	metrics.NewGauge(`vm_slow_row_inserts_total`, func() float64 {
 		return float64(m().SlowRowInserts)

lib/mergeset/merge.go

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/pacelimiter"
 )
 
 // PrepareBlockCallback can transform the passed items allocated at the given data.
@@ -29,9 +28,9 @@ type PrepareBlockCallback func(data []byte, items [][]byte) ([]byte, [][]byte)
 //
 // It also atomically adds the number of items merged to itemsMerged.
 func mergeBlockStreams(ph *partHeader, bsw *blockStreamWriter, bsrs []*blockStreamReader, prepareBlock PrepareBlockCallback, stopCh <-chan struct{},
-	pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter, itemsMerged *uint64) error {
+	itemsMerged *uint64) error {
 	bsm := bsmPool.Get().(*blockStreamMerger)
-	if err := bsm.Init(bsrs, prepareBlock, pl); err != nil {
+	if err := bsm.Init(bsrs, prepareBlock); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot initialize blockStreamMerger: %w", err)
 	}
 	err := bsm.Merge(bsw, ph, stopCh, itemsMerged)
@@ -63,9 +62,6 @@ type blockStreamMerger struct {
 
 	phFirstItemCaught bool
 
-	// optional pace limiter for merge process.
-	pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter
-
 	// This are auxiliary buffers used in flushIB
 	// for consistency checks after prepareBlock call.
 	firstItem []byte
@@ -82,13 +78,11 @@ func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) reset() {
 	bsm.ib.Reset()
 
 	bsm.phFirstItemCaught = false
-	bsm.pl = nil
 }
 
-func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Init(bsrs []*blockStreamReader, prepareBlock PrepareBlockCallback, pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter) error {
+func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Init(bsrs []*blockStreamReader, prepareBlock PrepareBlockCallback) error {
 	bsm.reset()
 	bsm.prepareBlock = prepareBlock
-	bsm.pl = pl
 	for _, bsr := range bsrs {
 		if bsr.Next() {
 			bsm.bsrHeap = append(bsm.bsrHeap, bsr)
@@ -111,9 +105,6 @@ var errForciblyStopped = fmt.Errorf("forcibly stopped")
 
 func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Merge(bsw *blockStreamWriter, ph *partHeader, stopCh <-chan struct{}, itemsMerged *uint64) error {
 again:
-	if bsm.pl != nil {
-		bsm.pl.WaitIfNeeded()
-	}
 	if len(bsm.bsrHeap) == 0 {
 		// Write the last (maybe incomplete) inmemoryBlock to bsw.
 		bsm.flushIB(bsw, ph, itemsMerged)

lib/mergeset/merge_test.go

@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storagepacelimiter"
 )
 
 func TestMergeBlockStreams(t *testing.T) {
@@ -32,14 +30,14 @@ func TestMultilevelMerge(t *testing.T) {
 	var dstIP1 inmemoryPart
 	var bsw1 blockStreamWriter
 	bsw1.InitFromInmemoryPart(&dstIP1)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP1.ph, &bsw1, bsrs[:5], nil, nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP1.ph, &bsw1, bsrs[:5], nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("cannot merge first level part 1: %s", err)
 	}
 
 	var dstIP2 inmemoryPart
 	var bsw2 blockStreamWriter
 	bsw2.InitFromInmemoryPart(&dstIP2)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP2.ph, &bsw2, bsrs[5:], nil, nil, storagepacelimiter.BigMerges, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP2.ph, &bsw2, bsrs[5:], nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("cannot merge first level part 2: %s", err)
 	}
 
@@ -56,7 +54,7 @@ func TestMultilevelMerge(t *testing.T) {
 		newTestBlockStreamReader(&dstIP2),
 	}
 	bsw.InitFromInmemoryPart(&dstIP)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrsTop, nil, nil, storagepacelimiter.BigMerges, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrsTop, nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("cannot merge second level: %s", err)
 	}
 	if itemsMerged != uint64(len(items)) {
@@ -78,7 +76,7 @@ func TestMergeForciblyStop(t *testing.T) {
 	ch := make(chan struct{})
 	var itemsMerged uint64
 	close(ch)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, ch, nil, &itemsMerged); err != errForciblyStopped {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, ch, &itemsMerged); err != errForciblyStopped {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error during merge: got %v; want %v", err, errForciblyStopped)
 	}
 	if itemsMerged != 0 {
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ func testMergeBlockStreamsSerial(blocksToMerge, maxItemsPerBlock int) error {
 	var dstIP inmemoryPart
 	var bsw blockStreamWriter
 	bsw.InitFromInmemoryPart(&dstIP)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, storagepacelimiter.BigMerges, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&dstIP.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot merge block streams: %w", err)
 	}
 	if itemsMerged != uint64(len(items)) {

lib/mergeset/part_search_test.go

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ func newTestPart(blocksCount, maxItemsPerBlock int) (*part, []string, error) {
 	var ip inmemoryPart
 	var bsw blockStreamWriter
 	bsw.InitFromInmemoryPart(&ip)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&ip.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&ip.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, &itemsMerged); err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot merge blocks: %w", err)
 	}
 	if itemsMerged != uint64(len(items)) {

lib/mergeset/table.go

@@ -635,11 +635,7 @@ func (tb *Table) mergeInmemoryBlocks(blocksToMerge []*inmemoryBlock) *partWrappe
 	// Merge parts.
 	// The merge shouldn't be interrupted by stopCh,
 	// since it may be final after stopCh is closed.
-	//
-	// Prioritize merging of inmemory blocks over merging file parts.
-	storagepacelimiter.BigMerges.Inc()
-	err := mergeBlockStreams(&mpDst.ph, bsw, bsrs, tb.prepareBlock, nil, nil, &tb.itemsMerged)
-	storagepacelimiter.BigMerges.Dec()
+	err := mergeBlockStreams(&mpDst.ph, bsw, bsrs, tb.prepareBlock, nil, &tb.itemsMerged)
 	if err != nil {
 		logger.Panicf("FATAL: cannot merge inmemoryBlocks: %s", err)
 	}
@@ -801,7 +797,7 @@ func (tb *Table) mergeParts(pws []*partWrapper, stopCh <-chan struct{}, isOuterP
 
 	// Merge parts into a temporary location.
 	var ph partHeader
-	err := mergeBlockStreams(&ph, bsw, bsrs, tb.prepareBlock, stopCh, storagepacelimiter.BigMerges, &tb.itemsMerged)
+	err := mergeBlockStreams(&ph, bsw, bsrs, tb.prepareBlock, stopCh, &tb.itemsMerged)
 	putBlockStreamWriter(bsw)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err == errForciblyStopped {
@@ -949,9 +945,7 @@ func (tb *Table) maxOutPartItemsSlow() uint64 {
 	return freeSpace / uint64(mergeWorkersCount) / 4
 }
 
-var mergeWorkersCount = func() int {
-	return runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1)
-}()
+var mergeWorkersCount = runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1)
 
 func openParts(path string) ([]*partWrapper, error) {
 	// The path can be missing after restoring from backup, so create it if needed.

lib/pacelimiter/pacelimiter_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package pacelimiter
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"runtime"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -73,6 +74,43 @@ func TestPacelimiter(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		// Verify that the pl is unblocked now.
 		pl.WaitIfNeeded()
+
+		// Verify that negative count doesn't block pl.
+		pl.Dec()
+		pl.WaitIfNeeded()
+		if n := pl.DelaysTotal(); n == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("expecting non-zero number of delays after subsequent pl.Dec()")
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("negative_count", func(t *testing.T) {
+		n := 10
+		pl := New()
+		for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+			pl.Dec()
+		}
+
+		doneCh := make(chan error)
+		go func() {
+			defer close(doneCh)
+			for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
+				pl.Inc()
+				pl.WaitIfNeeded()
+				if n := pl.DelaysTotal(); n != 0 {
+					doneCh <- fmt.Errorf("expecting zero number of delays")
+					return
+				}
+			}
+			doneCh <- nil
+		}()
+
+		select {
+		case err := <-doneCh:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatalf("timeout")
+		}
 	})
 	t.Run("concurrent_inc_dec", func(t *testing.T) {
 		pl := New()

lib/storage/block_stream_merger.go

@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"container/heap"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/pacelimiter"
 )
 
 // blockStreamMerger is used for merging block streams.
@@ -18,9 +16,6 @@ type blockStreamMerger struct {
 	// Whether the call to NextBlock must be no-op.
 	nextBlockNoop bool
 
-	// Optional pace limiter for limiting the pace for NextBlock calls.
-	pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter
-
 	// The last error
 	err error
 }
@@ -32,14 +27,11 @@ func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) reset() {
 	}
 	bsm.bsrHeap = bsm.bsrHeap[:0]
 	bsm.nextBlockNoop = false
-	bsm.pl = nil
 	bsm.err = nil
 }
 
 // Init initializes bsm with the given bsrs.
-//
-// pl is an optional pace limiter, which allows limiting the pace for NextBlock calls.
-func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Init(bsrs []*blockStreamReader, pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter) {
+func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Init(bsrs []*blockStreamReader) {
 	bsm.reset()
 	for _, bsr := range bsrs {
 		if bsr.NextBlock() {
@@ -60,7 +52,6 @@ func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) Init(bsrs []*blockStreamReader, pl *pacelimiter.Pa
 	heap.Init(&bsm.bsrHeap)
 	bsm.Block = &bsm.bsrHeap[0].Block
 	bsm.nextBlockNoop = true
-	bsm.pl = pl
 }
 
 // NextBlock stores the next block in bsm.Block.
@@ -75,9 +66,6 @@ func (bsm *blockStreamMerger) NextBlock() bool {
 		bsm.nextBlockNoop = false
 		return true
 	}
-	if bsm.pl != nil {
-		bsm.pl.WaitIfNeeded()
-	}
 
 	bsm.err = bsm.nextBlock()
 	switch bsm.err {

lib/storage/merge.go

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/decimal"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/logger"
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/pacelimiter"
 	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/uint64set"
 )
 
@@ -16,11 +15,11 @@ import (
 //
 // rowsMerged is atomically updated with the number of merged rows during the merge.
 func mergeBlockStreams(ph *partHeader, bsw *blockStreamWriter, bsrs []*blockStreamReader, stopCh <-chan struct{},
-	pl *pacelimiter.PaceLimiter, dmis *uint64set.Set, rowsMerged, rowsDeleted *uint64) error {
+	dmis *uint64set.Set, rowsMerged, rowsDeleted *uint64) error {
 	ph.Reset()
 
 	bsm := bsmPool.Get().(*blockStreamMerger)
-	bsm.Init(bsrs, pl)
+	bsm.Init(bsrs)
 	err := mergeBlockStreamsInternal(ph, bsw, bsm, stopCh, dmis, rowsMerged, rowsDeleted)
 	bsm.reset()
 	bsmPool.Put(bsm)

lib/storage/merge_test.go

@@ -3,8 +3,6 @@ package storage
 import (
 	"math/rand"
 	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/lib/storagepacelimiter"
 )
 
 func TestMergeBlockStreamsOneStreamOneRow(t *testing.T) {
@@ -366,7 +364,7 @@ func TestMergeForciblyStop(t *testing.T) {
 	ch := make(chan struct{})
 	var rowsMerged, rowsDeleted uint64
 	close(ch)
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mp.ph, &bsw, bsrs, ch, nil, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != errForciblyStopped {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mp.ph, &bsw, bsrs, ch, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != errForciblyStopped {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error in mergeBlockStreams: got %v; want %v", err, errForciblyStopped)
 	}
 	if rowsMerged != 0 {
@@ -386,7 +384,7 @@ func testMergeBlockStreams(t *testing.T, bsrs []*blockStreamReader, expectedBloc
 	bsw.InitFromInmemoryPart(&mp)
 
 	var rowsMerged, rowsDeleted uint64
-	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mp.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, storagepacelimiter.BigMerges, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != nil {
+	if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mp.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected error in mergeBlockStreams: %s", err)
 	}
 

lib/storage/merge_timing_test.go

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ func benchmarkMergeBlockStreams(b *testing.B, mps []*inmemoryPart, rowsPerLoop i
 			}
 			mpOut.Reset()
 			bsw.InitFromInmemoryPart(&mpOut)
-			if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mpOut.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != nil {
+			if err := mergeBlockStreams(&mpOut.ph, &bsw, bsrs, nil, nil, &rowsMerged, &rowsDeleted); err != nil {
 				panic(fmt.Errorf("cannot merge block streams: %w", err))
 			}
 		}

lib/storage/partition.go

@@ -329,7 +329,6 @@ type partitionMetrics struct {
 	SmallPartsRefCount uint64
 
 	SmallAssistedMerges uint64
-	BigMergesDelays     uint64
 }
 
 // UpdateMetrics updates m with metrics from pt.
@@ -388,8 +387,6 @@ func (pt *partition) UpdateMetrics(m *partitionMetrics) {
 	m.SmallRowsDeleted += atomic.LoadUint64(&pt.smallRowsDeleted)
 
 	m.SmallAssistedMerges += atomic.LoadUint64(&pt.smallAssistedMerges)
-
-	m.BigMergesDelays = storagepacelimiter.BigMerges.DelaysTotal()
 }
 
 // AddRows adds the given rows to the partition pt.
@@ -817,13 +814,7 @@ func (pt *partition) mergePartsOptimal(pws []*partWrapper) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-var mergeWorkersCount = func() int {
-	n := runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1) / 2
-	if n <= 0 {
-		n = 1
-	}
-	return n
-}()
+var mergeWorkersCount = runtime.GOMAXPROCS(-1)
 
 var (
 	bigMergeConcurrencyLimitCh   = make(chan struct{}, mergeWorkersCount)
@@ -935,10 +926,9 @@ func maxRowsByPath(path string) uint64 {
 	// Calculate the maximum number of rows in the output merge part
 	// by dividing the freeSpace by the number of concurrent
 	// mergeWorkersCount for big parts.
-	// This assumes each row is compressed into 1 byte. Production
-	// simulation shows that each row usually occupies up to 0.5 bytes,
-	// so this is quite safe assumption.
-	maxRows := freeSpace / uint64(mergeWorkersCount)
+	// This assumes each row is compressed into 0.5 bytes
+	// according to production data.
+	maxRows := 2 * (freeSpace / uint64(mergeWorkersCount))
 	if maxRows > maxRowsPerBigPart {
 		maxRows = maxRowsPerBigPart
 	}
@@ -1058,25 +1048,21 @@ func (pt *partition) mergeParts(pws []*partWrapper, stopCh <-chan struct{}) erro
 	var ph partHeader
 	rowsMerged := &pt.smallRowsMerged
 	rowsDeleted := &pt.smallRowsDeleted
-	pl := storagepacelimiter.BigMerges
 	if isBigPart {
 		rowsMerged = &pt.bigRowsMerged
 		rowsDeleted = &pt.bigRowsDeleted
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.bigMergesCount, 1)
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.activeBigMerges, 1)
 	} else {
-		pl = nil
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.smallMergesCount, 1)
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.activeSmallMerges, 1)
 		// Prioritize small merges over big merges.
-		storagepacelimiter.BigMerges.Inc()
 	}
-	err := mergeBlockStreams(&ph, bsw, bsrs, stopCh, pl, dmis, rowsMerged, rowsDeleted)
+	err := mergeBlockStreams(&ph, bsw, bsrs, stopCh, dmis, rowsMerged, rowsDeleted)
 	if isBigPart {
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.activeBigMerges, ^uint64(0))
 	} else {
 		atomic.AddUint64(&pt.activeSmallMerges, ^uint64(0))
-		storagepacelimiter.BigMerges.Dec()
 	}
 	putBlockStreamWriter(bsw)
 	if err != nil {

lib/storagepacelimiter/storagepacelimiter.go

@@ -8,8 +8,3 @@ import (
 //
 // See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/291
 var Search = pacelimiter.New()
-
-// BigMerges limits the pace for big merges when there is at least a single in-flight small merge.
-//
-// See https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/648
-var BigMerges = pacelimiter.New()