app/vmselect/promql: add duration_over_time(m[d], max_interval) function

This function calculates the actual lifetime of the time series on the given lookbehdind window `d`

Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1780

app/vmselect/promql/exec_test.go

@@ -5030,6 +5030,17 @@ func TestExecSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 		resultExpected := []netstorage.Result{r}
 		f(q, resultExpected)
 	})
+	t.Run(`duration_over_time`, func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Parallel()
+		q := `duration_over_time((time()<1200)[600s:10s], 20s)`
+		r := netstorage.Result{
+			MetricName: metricNameExpected,
+			Values:     []float64{590, 580, 380, 180, nan, nan},
+			Timestamps: timestampsExpected,
+		}
+		resultExpected := []netstorage.Result{r}
+		f(q, resultExpected)
+	})
 	t.Run(`share_gt_over_time`, func(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Parallel()
 		q := `share_gt_over_time(rand(0)[200s:10s], 0.7)`
@@ -7440,6 +7451,7 @@ func TestExecError(t *testing.T) {
 	f(`prometheus_buckets()`)
 	f(`buckets_limit()`)
 	f(`buckets_limit(1)`)
+	f(`duration_over_time()`)
 	f(`share_le_over_time()`)
 	f(`share_gt_over_time()`)
 	f(`count_le_over_time()`)

app/vmselect/promql/rollup.go

@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ var rollupFuncs = map[string]newRollupFunc{
 	"tmax_over_time":         newRollupFuncOneArg(rollupTmax),
 	"tfirst_over_time":       newRollupFuncOneArg(rollupTfirst),
 	"tlast_over_time":        newRollupFuncOneArg(rollupTlast),
+	"duration_over_time":     newRollupDurationOverTime,
 	"share_le_over_time":     newRollupShareLE,
 	"share_gt_over_time":     newRollupShareGT,
 	"count_le_over_time":     newRollupCountLE,
@@ -879,6 +880,37 @@ func linearRegression(rfa *rollupFuncArg) (float64, float64) {
 	return v, k
 }
 
+func newRollupDurationOverTime(args []interface{}) (rollupFunc, error) {
+	if err := expectRollupArgsNum(args, 2); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	dMaxs, err := getScalar(args[1], 1)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rf := func(rfa *rollupFuncArg) float64 {
+		// There is no need in handling NaNs here, since they must be cleaned up
+		// before calling rollup funcs.
+		values := rfa.values
+		if len(values) == 0 {
+			return nan
+		}
+		timestamps := rfa.timestamps
+		tPrev := timestamps[0]
+		dSum := int64(0)
+		dMax := int64(dMaxs[rfa.idx] * 1000)
+		for _, t := range timestamps {
+			d := t - tPrev
+			if d <= dMax {
+				dSum += d
+			}
+			tPrev = t
+		}
+		return float64(dSum / 1000)
+	}
+	return rf, nil
+}
+
 func newRollupShareLE(args []interface{}) (rollupFunc, error) {
 	return newRollupShareFilter(args, countFilterLE)
 }

docs/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ sort: 15
 * FEATURE: vmagent: add `-remoteWrite.maxRowsPerBlock` command-line flag for tuning the number of samples to send to remote storage per each block. Bigger values may improve data ingestion performance at the cost of higher memory usage.
 * FEATURE: vmagent: distribute Kafka messages among all the partitions when [writing data to Kafka](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#writing-metrics-to-kafka).
 * FEATURE: add [label_graphite_group](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html#label_graphite_group) function for extracting the given groups from Graphite metric names.
+* FEATURE: add [duration_over_time](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html#duration_over_time) function for calculating the actual lifetime of the time series with possible gaps. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1780).
 * FEATURE: add [limit_offset](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html#limit_offset) function, which can be used for implementing simple paging over big number of time series. See [this feature request](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1778).
 
 * BUGFIX: vmagent: reduce the increased memory usage when scraping targets with big number of metrics which periodically change. The memory usage has been increased in v1.68.0 after vmagent started generating staleness markers in [stream parse mode](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#stream-parsing-mode). See [this issue](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/1745).

docs/MetricsQL.md

@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ See also [implicit query conversions](#implicit-query-conversions).
 
 `distinct_over_time(series_selector[d])` returns the number of distinct raw sample values on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups.
 
+#### duration_over_time
+
+`duration_over_time(series_selector[d], max_interval)` returns the duration in seconds when time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors) were present over the given lookbehind window `d`. It is expected that intervals between adjacent samples per each series don't exceed the `max_interval`. Otherwise such intervals are considered as gaps and aren't counted. See also [lifetime](#lifetime) and [lag](#lag).
+
 #### first_over_time
 
 `first_over_time(series_selector[d])` returns the first raw sample value on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). See also [last_over_time](#last_over_time) and [tfirst_over_time](#tfirst_over_time).
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ See also [implicit query conversions](#implicit-query-conversions).
 
 #### lag
 
-`lag(series_selector[d])` returns the duration in seconds between the last sample on the given lookbehind window `d` and the timestamp of the current point. It is calculated independently per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. See also [lifetime](#lifetime).
+`lag(series_selector[d])` returns the duration in seconds between the last sample on the given lookbehind window `d` and the timestamp of the current point. It is calculated independently per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. See also [lifetime](#lifetime) and [duration_over_time](#duration_over_time).
 
 #### last_over_time
 
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ See also [implicit query conversions](#implicit-query-conversions).
 
 #### lifetime
 
-`lifetime(series_selector[d])` returns the duration in seconds between the last and the first sample on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. See also [lag](#lag).
+`lifetime(series_selector[d])` returns the duration in seconds between the last and the first sample on the given lookbehind window `d` per each time series returned from the given [series_selector](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#time-series-selectors). Metric names are stripped from the resulting rollups. See also [duration_over_time](#duration_over_time) and [lag](#lag).
 
 #### max_over_time
 

go.mod

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ require (
 	// like https://github.com/valyala/fasthttp/commit/996610f021ff45fdc98c2ce7884d5fa4e7f9199b
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fasthttp v1.1.0
 	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.18.1
-	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.29.0
+	github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.30.0
 	github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go v1.41.19
 	github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.3.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fasthttp v1.1.0/go.mod h1:/7DMcogqd+aaD3G3Hg5kFgoFwlR
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.12.2/go.mod h1:Z1tSfPfngDn12bTfZSCqArT3OPY3u88J12hSoOhuiRE=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.18.1 h1:OZ0+kTTto8oPfHnVAnTOoyl0XlRhRkoQrD2n2cOuRw0=
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.18.1/go.mod h1:ArjwVz7WpgpegX/JpB0zpNF2h2232kErkEnzH1sxMmA=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.29.0 h1:bQRxsHT6rWZgyMZqocV0lAM5GjpuPvAAW9eFXYR3iBY=
-github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.29.0/go.mod h1:ylO7YITho/Iw6P71oEaGyHbO94bGoGtzWfLGqFhMIg8=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.30.0 h1:MGLqMcnVU2PTg+eOhqxpizQni6YwsYPbfv7rsHs+kU0=
+github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.30.0/go.mod h1:ylO7YITho/Iw6P71oEaGyHbO94bGoGtzWfLGqFhMIg8=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.1.1/go.mod h1:2Tkkvm3sRDVXaiyucHiACn4cqf7DpdyLvmxzcbUokwA=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0 h1:f58SaIzcDXrSy3kWaHNvuJgJ3Nmz59Zji6XoJR/q1ow=
 github.com/VividCortex/ewma v1.2.0/go.mod h1:nz4BbCtbLyFDeC9SUHbtcT5644juEuWfUAUnGx7j5l4=

vendor/github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql/rollup.go

@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ var rollupFuncs = map[string]bool{
 	"tmax_over_time":         true,
 	"tfirst_over_time":       true,
 	"tlast_over_time":        true,
+	"duration_over_time":     true,
 	"share_le_over_time":     true,
 	"share_gt_over_time":     true,
 	"count_le_over_time":     true,

vendor/modules.txt

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ github.com/VictoriaMetrics/fasthttp/stackless
 # github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics v1.18.1
 ## explicit
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metrics
-# github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.29.0
+# github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql v0.30.0
 ## explicit
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql
 github.com/VictoriaMetrics/metricsql/binaryop