lib/logstorage: support for short form of _time:(now-duration, now] filter: _time:duration

docs/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ For example, the following query returns logs with the `error` [word](#word),
 which were ingested into VictoriaLogs during the last 5 minutes:
 
 ```logsql
-error AND _time:[now-5m,now]
+error AND _time:5m
 ```
 
 This query consists of two [filters](#filters) joined with `AND` [operator](#logical-filter):
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ Typical LogsQL query constists of multiple [filters](#filters) joined with `AND`
 So LogsQL allows omitting `AND` words. For example, the following query is equivalent to the query above:
 
 ```logsql
-error _time:[now-5m,now]
+error _time:5m
 ```
 
 The query returns the following [log fields](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model) by default:
@@ -95,34 +95,34 @@ then just refer them in the query with `field_name:*` [filter](#any-value-filter
 For example, the following query returns `host.hostname` field additionally to `_msg`, `_stream` and `_time` fields:
 
 ```logsql
-error _time:[now-5m,now] host.hostname:*
+error _time:5m host.hostname:*
 ```
 
 Suppose the query above selects too many rows because some buggy app pushes invalid error logs to VictoriaLogs. Suppose the app adds `buggy_app` [word](#word) to every log line.
 Then the following query removes all the logs from the buggy app, allowing us paying attention to the real errors:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] error NOT buggy_app
+_time:5m error NOT buggy_app
 ```
 
 This query uses `NOT` [operator](#logical-filter) for removing log lines from the buggy app. The `NOT` operator is used frequently, so it can be substituted with `!` char.
 So the following query is equivalent to the previous one:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] error !buggy_app
+_time:5m error !buggy_app
 ```
 
 Suppose another buggy app starts pushing invalid error logs to VictoriaLogs - it adds `foobar` [word](#word) to every emitted log line.
 No problems - just add `!foobar` to the query in order to remove these buggy logs:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] error !buggy_app !foobar
+_time:5m error !buggy_app !foobar
 ```
 
 This query can be rewritten to more clear query with the `OR` [operator](#logical-filter) inside parentheses:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] error !(buggy_app OR foobar)
+_time:5m error !(buggy_app OR foobar)
 ```
 
 Note that the parentheses are required here, since otherwise the query won't return the expected results.
@@ -138,26 +138,26 @@ This word can be stored in other [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Victor
 How to select error logs in this case? Just add the `log.level:` prefix in front of the `error` word:
 
 ```logsq
-_time:[now-5m,now] log.level:error !(buggy_app OR foobar)
+_time:5m log.level:error !(buggy_app OR foobar)
 ```
 
 The field name can be wrapped into quotes if it contains special chars or keywords, which may clash with LogsQL syntax.
 Any [word](#word) also can be wrapped into quotes. So the following query is equivalent to the previous one:
 
 ```logsql
-"_time":[now-5m,now] "log.level":"error" !("buggy_app" OR "foobar")
+"_time":"5m" "log.level":"error" !("buggy_app" OR "foobar")
 ```
 
 What if the application identifier - such as `buggy_app` and `foobar` - is stored in the `app` field? Correct - just add `app:` prefix in front of `buggy_app` and `foobar`:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] log.level:error !(app:buggy_app OR app:foobar)
+_time:5m log.level:error !(app:buggy_app OR app:foobar)
 ```
 
 The query can be simplified by moving the `app:` prefix outside the parentheses:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] log.level:error !app:(buggy_app OR foobar)
+_time:5m log.level:error !app:(buggy_app OR foobar)
 ```
 
 The `app` field uniquely identifies the application instance if a single instance runs per each unique `app`.
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ and query performance when querying the needed streams via [`_stream` filter](#s
 If the `app` field is associated with the log stream, then the query above can be rewritten to more performant one:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-5m,now] log.level:error _stream:{app!~"buggy_app|foobar"}
+_time:5m log.level:error _stream:{app!~"buggy_app|foobar"}
 ```
 
 This query completely skips scanning for logs from `buggy_app` and `foobar` apps, thus significantly reducing disk read IO and CPU time
@@ -254,29 +254,27 @@ For example, the following query returns [log messages](https://docs.victoriamet
 ingested into VictoriaLogs during the last hour, which contain the `error` [word](#word):
 
 ```logsql
-_time:(now-1h, now) AND error
+_time:1h AND error
 ```
 
 The following formats are supported for `_time` filter:
 
-- Fixed time:
+- `_time:duration`, the equivalent to `_time:(now-duration, now]`. It matches logs with timestamps on the time range `(now-duration, now]`. Examples:
-  - `_time:YYYY-MM-DD` - matches all the log messages for the particular day. For example, `_time:2023-04-25` matches all the log messages for April 25, 2023 by UTC.
+  - `_time:5m` - returns logs for the last 5 minutes
-  - `_time:YYYY-MM` - matches all the log messages for the particular month. For example, `_time:2023-02` matches all the log messages for February, 2023 by UTC.
+  - `_time:2.5d15m42.345s` - returns logs for the last 2.5 days, 15 minutes and 42.345 seconds
-  - `_time:YYYY` - matches all the log messages for the particular year. For example, `_time:2023` matches all the log message for 2023 by UTC.
+  - `_time:1y` - returns logs for the last year
-  - `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH` - matches all the log messages for the particular hour. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22` matches all the log messages from `22:00` to `23:00`
+- `_time:YYYY-MM-DD` - matches all the logs for the particular day by UTC. For example, `_time:2023-04-25`.
-    on April 25, 2023 by UTC.
+- `_time:YYYY-MM` - matches all the logs for the particular month by UTC. For example, `_time:2023-02`.
-  - `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM` - matches all the log messages for the particular minute. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22:45` matches all the log messages from `22:45` to `22:46`
+- `_time:YYYY` - matches all the logs for the particular year by UTC. For example, `_time:2023`.
-    on April 25, 2023 by UTC.
+- `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH` - matches all the logs for the particular hour by UTC. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22`.
-  - `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS` - matches all the log messages for the particular second. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22:45:59` matches all the log messages
+- `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM` - matches all the logs for the particular minute by UTC. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22:45`.
-    from `22:45:59` to `23:46:00` on April 25, 2023 by UTC.
+- `_time:YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS` - matches all the logs for the particular second by UTC. For example, `_time:2023-04-25T22:45:59`.
-
+- `_time:[min_time, max_time]` - matches logs on the time range `[min_time, max_time]`, including both `min_time` and `max_time`.
-- Time range:
-  - `_time:[min_time, max_time]` - matches log messages on the time range `[min_time, max_time]`, including both `min_time` and `max_time`.
     The `min_time` and `max_time` can contain any format specified [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#timestamp-formats).
-    For example, `_time:[2023-04-01, 2023-04-30]` matches log messages for the whole April, 2023 by UTC, e.g. it is equivalent to `_time:2023-04`.
+    For example, `_time:[2023-04-01, 2023-04-30]` matches logs for the whole April, 2023 by UTC, e.g. it is equivalent to `_time:2023-04`.
-  - `_time:[min_time, max_time)` - matches log messages on the time range `[min_time, max_time)`, not including `max_time`.
+- `_time:[min_time, max_time)` - matches logs on the time range `[min_time, max_time)`, not including `max_time`.
     The `min_time` and `max_time` can contain any format specified [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#timestamp-formats).
-    For example, `_time:[2023-02-01, 2023-03-01)` matches log messages for the whole February, 2023 by UTC, e.g. it is equivalent to `_time:2023-02`.
+    For example, `_time:[2023-02-01, 2023-03-01)` matches logs for the whole February, 2023 by UTC, e.g. it is equivalent to `_time:2023-02`.
 
 It is possible to specify time zone offset for all the absolute time formats by appending `+hh:mm` or `-hh:mm` suffix.
 For example, `_time:2023-04-25+05:30` matches all the log messages on April 25, 2023 by India time zone,
@@ -285,7 +283,7 @@ while `_time:2023-02-07:00` matches all the log messages from February, 2023 by
 Performance tips:
 
 - It is recommended specifying the smallest possible time range during the search, since it reduces the amounts of log entries, which need to be scanned during the query.
-  For example, `_time:[now-1h, now]` is usually faster than `_time:[now-5h, now]`.
+  For example, `_time:1h` is usually faster than `_time:5h`.
 
 - While LogsQL supports arbitrary number of `_time:...` filters at any level of [logical filters](#logical-filter),
   it is recommended specifying a single `_time` filter at the top level of the query.
@@ -661,7 +659,7 @@ For example, the following query selects all the logs for the last hour for user
 during the last day:
 
 ```logsql
-_time:[now-1h,now] AND user_id:in(_time:[now-1d,now] AND path:admin | fields user_id)
+_time:1h AND user_id:in(_time:1d AND path:admin | fields user_id)
 ```
 
 See the [Roadmap](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/Roadmap.html) for details.

docs/VictoriaLogs/querying/README.md

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ received from [streams](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcept
 during the last 5 minutes:
 
 ```bash
-curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=_stream:{app="nginx"} AND _time:[now-5m,now] AND error' | wc -l
+curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=_stream:{app="nginx"} AND _time:5m AND error' | wc -l
 ```
 
 See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#stream-filter) about `_stream` filter,
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ The following example calculates stats on the number of log messages received du
 grouped by `log.level` [field](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/keyConcepts.html#data-model):
 
 ```bash
-curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=_time:[now-5m,now] log.level:*' | jq -r '."log.level"' | sort | uniq -c 
+curl http://localhost:9428/select/logsql/query -d 'query=_time:5m log.level:*' | jq -r '."log.level"' | sort | uniq -c 
 ```
 
 The query selects all the log messages with non-empty `log.level` field via ["any value" filter](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/VictoriaLogs/LogsQL.html#any-value-filter),

lib/logstorage/parser.go

@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ func parseAnyCaseFilter(lex *lexer, fieldName string) (filter, error) {
 	})
 }
 
-func parseFuncArgMaybePrefix(lex *lexer, funcName, fieldName string, f func(arg string, isPrefiFilter bool) (filter, error)) (filter, error) {
+func parseFuncArgMaybePrefix(lex *lexer, funcName, fieldName string, callback func(arg string, isPrefiFilter bool) (filter, error)) (filter, error) {
 	phrase := lex.token
 	lex.nextToken()
 	if !lex.isKeyword("(") {
@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ func parseFuncArgMaybePrefix(lex *lexer, funcName, fieldName string, f func(arg
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected token %q instead of ')' in %s()", lex.token, funcName)
 	}
 	lex.nextToken()
-	return f(phrase, isPrefixFilter)
+	return callback(phrase, isPrefixFilter)
 }
 
 func parseLenRangeFilter(lex *lexer, fieldName string) (filter, error) {
@@ -781,6 +781,25 @@ func parseFuncArgs(lex *lexer, fieldName string, callback func(args []string) (f
 	return callback(args)
 }
 
+// startsWithYear returns true if s starts from YYYY
+func startsWithYear(s string) bool {
+	if len(s) < 4 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 4; i++ {
+		c := s[i]
+		if c < '0' || c > '9' {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	s = s[4:]
+	if len(s) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	c := s[0]
+	return c == '-' || c == '+' || c == 'Z' || c == 'z'
+}
+
 func parseTimeFilter(lex *lexer) (*timeFilter, error) {
 	startTimeInclude := false
 	switch {
@@ -789,17 +808,36 @@ func parseTimeFilter(lex *lexer) (*timeFilter, error) {
 	case lex.isKeyword("("):
 		startTimeInclude = false
 	default:
-		// Try parsing '_time:YYYY-MM-DD', which transforms to '_time:[YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM-DD+1)'
+		s := getCompoundToken(lex)
-		startTime, stringRepr, err := parseTime(lex)
+		if strings.ToLower(s) == "now" || startsWithYear(s) {
-		if err != nil {
+			// Parse '_time:YYYY-MM-DD', which transforms to '_time:[YYYY-MM-DD, YYYY-MM-DD+1)'
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse _time filter: %w", err)
+			t, err := promutils.ParseTimeAt(s, float64(lex.currentTimestamp)/1e9)
-		}
+			if err != nil {
-		endTime := getMatchingEndTime(startTime, stringRepr)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse _time filter: %w", err)
-		tf := &timeFilter{
+			}
-			minTimestamp: startTime,
+			startTime := int64(t * 1e9)
-			maxTimestamp: endTime,
+			endTime := getMatchingEndTime(startTime, s)
+			tf := &timeFilter{
+				minTimestamp: startTime,
+				maxTimestamp: endTime,
 
-			stringRepr: stringRepr,
+				stringRepr: s,
+			}
+			return tf, nil
+		}
+		// Parse _time:duration, which transforms to '_time:(now-duration, now]'
+		d, err := promutils.ParseDuration(s)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot parse duration in _time filter: %w", err)
+		}
+		if d < 0 {
+			d = -d
+		}
+		tf := &timeFilter{
+			minTimestamp: lex.currentTimestamp - int64(d),
+			maxTimestamp: lex.currentTimestamp,
+
+			stringRepr: s,
 		}
 		return tf, nil
 	}

lib/logstorage/parser_test.go

@@ -79,6 +79,30 @@ func TestNewStreamFilterFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	f("{foo='bar' baz='x'}")
 }
 
+func TestParseTimeDuration(t *testing.T) {
+	f := func(s string, durationExpected time.Duration) {
+		t.Helper()
+		q, err := ParseQuery("_time:" + s)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+		}
+		tf, ok := q.f.(*timeFilter)
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected filter; got %T; want *timeFilter; filter: %s", q.f, q.f)
+		}
+		if tf.stringRepr != s {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected string represenation for timeFilter; got %q; want %q", tf.stringRepr, s)
+		}
+		duration := time.Duration(tf.maxTimestamp - tf.minTimestamp)
+		if duration != durationExpected {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected duration; got %s; want %s", duration, durationExpected)
+		}
+	}
+	f("5m", 5*time.Minute)
+	f("-5.5m", 5*time.Minute + 30*time.Second)
+	f("3d2h12m34s45ms", 3*24*time.Hour + 2*time.Hour+12*time.Minute+34*time.Second + 45*time.Millisecond)
+}
+
 func TestParseTimeRange(t *testing.T) {
 	f := func(s string, minTimestampExpected, maxTimestampExpected int64) {
 		t.Helper()
@@ -606,6 +630,7 @@ func TestParseQuerySuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	f(`_time:2023-01-02T04:05:06.789-02:30`, `_time:2023-01-02T04:05:06.789-02:30`)
 	f(`_time:2023-01-02T04:05:06.789+02:30`, `_time:2023-01-02T04:05:06.789+02:30`)
 	f(`_time:[1234567890, 1400000000]`, `_time:[1234567890,1400000000]`)
+	f(`_time:2d3h5.5m3s45ms`, `_time:2d3h5.5m3s45ms`)
 
 	// reserved keywords
 	f("and", `"and"`)
@@ -837,6 +862,7 @@ func TestParseQueryFailure(t *testing.T) {
 	f("_time:[2023-01-02T04:05:06+12,2023]")
 	f("_time:[2023-01-02T04:05:06-12,2023]")
 	f("_time:2023-01-02T04:05:06.789")
+	f("_time:234foo")
 
 	// long query with error
 	f(`very long query with error aaa ffdfd fdfdfd fdfd:( ffdfdfdfdfd`)