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docs/FAQ.md: add chapters explaining main differences between single-node and cluster versions of VictoriaMetrics

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- Which type of VictoriaMetrics is better to use in production?
- How to migrate data from single-node VictoriaMetrics to cluster?
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Aliaksandr Valialkin 2022-08-30 13:12:01 +03:00
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@ -301,6 +301,40 @@ VictoriaMetrics maintains in-memory cache for mapping of [active time series](#w
See [this article](https://valyala.medium.com/how-to-optimize-promql-and-metricsql-queries-85a1b75bf986).
## Which VictoriaMetrics type is recommended for use in production - single-node or cluster?
Both [single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html) and
[VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html) are production-ready.
Single-node VictoriaMetrics is able to handle quite big workloads in production
with tens of millions of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series)
at the ingestion rate of million of samples per second. See [this case study](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/CaseStudies.html#wixcom).
Single-node VictoriaMetrics requires lower amounts of CPU and RAM for handling the same workload comparing
to cluster version of VictoriaMetrics, since it doesn't need to pass the encoded data over the network
between [cluster components](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#architecture-overview).
The performance of a single-node VictoriaMetrics scales almost perfectly with the available CPU, RAM and disk IO resources on the host where it runs -
see [this article](https://valyala.medium.com/measuring-vertical-scalability-for-time-series-databases-in-google-cloud-92550d78d8ae).
Given the facts above **it is recommended to use single-node VictoriaMetrics in the majority of cases**.
Cluster version of VictoriaMetrics may be preferred over single-node VictoriaMetrics in the following relatively rare cases:
- If [multitenancy support](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#multitenancy) is needed,
since single-node VictoriaMetrics doesn't support multitenancy. Though it is possible to run multiple single-node VictoriaMetrics
instances - one per each tenant - and route incoming requests from particular tenant to the needed VictoriaMetrics instance
via [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmauth.html).
- If the current workload cannot be handled by a single-node VictoriaMetrics. For example, if you are going to ingest hundreds of millions of active time series
at ingestion rates exceeding a million samples per second, then it is better to use cluster version of VictoriaMetrics.
## How to migrate data from single-node VictoriaMetrics to cluster version?
Single-node VictoriaMetrics stores data on disk in slightly different format comparing to cluster version of VictoriaMetrics.
So it is impossible to just copy the on-disk data from `-storageDataPath` directory from single-node VictoriaMetrics to a `vmstorage` node in VictoriaMetrics cluster.
If you need migrating data from single-node VictoriaMetrics to cluster version, then [follow these instructions](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmctl.html#migrating-data-from-victoriametrics).
## Why isn't MetricsQL 100% compatible with PromQL?
[MetricsQL](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html) provides better user experience than PromQL. It fixes a few annoying issues in PromQL. This prevents MetricsQL to be 100% compatible with PromQL. See [this article](https://medium.com/@romanhavronenko/victoriametrics-promql-compliance-d4318203f51e) for details.