It has been appeared that VictoriaLogs is frequently used for collecting logs with tens of fields.
For example, standard Kuberntes setup on top of Filebeat generates more than 20 fields per each log.
Such logs are also known as "wide events".
The previous storage format was optimized for logs with a few fields. When at least a single field
was referenced in the query, then the all the meta-information about all the log fields was unpacked
and parsed per each scanned block during the query. This could require a lot of additional disk IO
and CPU time when logs contain many fields. Resolve this issue by providing an (field -> metainfo_offset)
index per each field in every data block. This index allows reading and extracting only the needed
metainfo for fields used in the query. This index is stored in columnsHeaderIndexFilename ( columns_header_index.bin ).
This allows increasing performance for queries over wide events by 10x and more.
Another issue was that the data for bloom filters and field values across all the log fields except of _msg
was intermixed in two files - fieldBloomFilename ( field_bloom.bin ) and fieldValuesFilename ( field_values.bin ).
This could result in huge disk read IO overhead when some small field was referred in the query,
since the Operating System usually reads more data than requested. It reads the data from disk
in at least 4KiB blocks (usually the block size is much bigger in the range 64KiB - 512KiB).
So, if 512-byte bloom filter or values' block is read from the file, then the Operating System
reads up to 512KiB of data from disk, which results in 1000x disk read IO overhead. This overhead isn't visible
for recently accessed data, since this data is usually stored in RAM (aka Operating System page cache),
but this overhead may become very annoying when performing the query over large volumes of data
which isn't present in OS page cache.
The solution for this issue is to split bloom filters and field values across multiple shards.
This reduces the worst-case disk read IO overhead by at least Nx where N is the number of shards,
while the disk read IO overhead is completely removed in best case when the number of columns doesn't exceed N.
Currently the number of shards is 8 - see bloomValuesShardsCount . This solution increases
performance for queries over large volumes of newly ingested data by up to 1000x.
The new storage format is versioned as v1, while the old storage format is version as v0.
It is stored in the partHeader.FormatVersion.
Parts with the old storage format are converted into parts with the new storage format during background merge.
It is possible to force merge by querying /internal/force_merge HTTP endpoint - see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#forced-merge .
Empty fields are treated as non-existing fields by VictoriaLogs data model.
So there is no sense in returning empty fields in query results, since they may mislead and confuse users.
Refer the original byte slice with the marshaled columnsHeader for columns names and dictionary-encoded column values.
This improves query performance a bit when big number of blocks with big number of columns are scanned during the query.
The set of log fields in the found logs may differ from the set of log fields present in the log stream.
So compare only the log fields in the found logs when searching for the matching log entry in the log stream.
While at it, return _stream field in the delimiter log entry, since this field is used by VictoriaLogs Web UI
for grouping logs by log streams.
Change the return values for these functions - now they return the unmarshaled result plus
the size of the unmarshaled result in bytes, so the caller could re-slice the src for further unmarshaling.
This improves performance of these functions in hot loops of VictoriaLogs a bit.
- Move uniqueFields from rows to blockStreamMerger struct.
This allows localizing all the references to uniqueFields inside blockStreamMerger.mustWriteBlock(),
which should improve readability and maintainability of the code.
- Remove logging of the event when blocks cannot be merged because they contain more than maxColumnsPerBlock,
since the provided logging didn't provide the solution for the issue with too many columns.
I couldn't figure out the proper solution, which could be helpful for end user,
so decided to remove the logging until we find the solution.
This commit also contains the following additional changes:
- It truncates field names longer than 128 chars during logs ingestion.
This should prevent from ingesting bogus field names.
This also should prevent from too big columnsHeader blocks,
which could negatively affect search query performance,
since columnsHeader is read on every scan of the corresponding data block.
- It limits the maximum length of const column value to 256.
Longer values are stored in an ordinary columns.
This helps limiting the size of columnsHeader blocks
and improving search query performance by avoiding
reading too long const columns on every scan of the corresponding data block.
- It deduplicates columns with identical names during data ingestion
and background merging. Previously it was possible to pass columns with duplicate names
to block.mustInitFromRows(), and they were stored as is in the block.
Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4762
Updates https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/pull/4969
* lib/logstorage: prevent from panic during background merge
Fixes panic during background merge when resulting block would contain more columns than maxColumnsPerBlock.
Buffered data will be flushed and replaced by the next block.
See: https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/issues/4762
Signed-off-by: Zakhar Bessarab <z.bessarab@victoriametrics.com>
* lib/logstorage: clarify field description and comment
Signed-off-by: Zakhar Bessarab <z.bessarab@victoriametrics.com>
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Signed-off-by: Zakhar Bessarab <z.bessarab@victoriametrics.com>
