VictoriaMetrics/docs/VictoriaLogs

VictoriaLogs is open source user-friendly database for logs from VictoriaMetrics.

VictoriaLogs provides the following features:

• It can accept logs from popular log collectors. See these docs.
• It is much easier to set up and operate compared to Elasticsearch and Grafana Loki. See these docs.
• It provides easy yet powerful query language with full-text search across all the log fields. See LogsQL docs.
• It provides interactive command-line tool for querying VictoriaLogs - vlogscli.
• It can be seamlessly combined with good old Unix tools for log analysis such as grep, less, sort, jq, etc. See these docs for details.
• VictoriaLogs' capacity and performance scales linearly with the available resources (CPU, RAM, disk IO, disk space). It runs smoothly on Raspberry PI and on servers with hundreds of CPU cores and terabytes of RAM.
• It can handle up to 30x bigger data volumes than Elasticsearch and Grafana Loki when running on the same hardware. See these docs.
• It provides fast full-text search out of the box for log fields with high cardinality (e.g. high number of unique values) such as trace_id, user_id and ip.
• It supports multitenancy - see these docs.
• It supports out-of-order logs' ingestion aka backfilling.
• It supports live tailing for newly ingested logs. See these docs.
• It supports selecting surrounding logs in front and after the selected logs. See these docs.
• It provides web UI for querying logs - see these docs.
• It provides Grafana plugin for querying logs.

If you have questions about VictoriaLogs, then read this FAQ. Also feel free asking any questions at VictoriaMetrics community Slack chat, you can join it via Slack Inviter.

See Quick start docs for start working with VictoriaLogs.

Tuning

• No need in tuning for VictoriaLogs - it uses reasonable defaults for command-line flags, which are automatically adjusted for the available CPU and RAM resources.
• No need in tuning for Operating System - VictoriaLogs is optimized for default OS settings. The only option is increasing the limit on the number of open files in the OS.
• The recommended filesystem is ext4, the recommended persistent storage is persistent HDD-based disk on GCP, since it is protected from hardware failures via internal replication and it can be resized on the fly. If you plan to store more than 1TB of data on ext4 partition or plan extending it to more than 16TB, then the following options are recommended to pass to mkfs.ext4:

mkfs.ext4 ... -O 64bit,huge_file,extent -T huge

Monitoring

VictoriaLogs exposes internal metrics in Prometheus exposition format at http://localhost:9428/metrics page. It is recommended to set up monitoring of these metrics via VictoriaMetrics (see these docs), vmagent (see these docs) or via Prometheus.

We recommend installing Grafana dashboard for VictoriaLogs.

We recommend setting up alerts via vmalert or via Prometheus.

VictoriaLogs emits its own logs to stdout. It is recommended to investigate these logs during troubleshooting.

Upgrading

It is safe upgrading VictoriaLogs to new versions unless release notes say otherwise. It is safe to skip multiple versions during the upgrade unless release notes say otherwise. It is recommended to perform regular upgrades to the latest version, since it may contain important bug fixes, performance optimizations or new features.

It is also safe to downgrade to older versions unless release notes say otherwise.

The following steps must be performed during the upgrade / downgrade procedure:

• Send SIGINT signal to VictoriaLogs process in order to gracefully stop it. See how to send signals to processes.
• Wait until the process stops. This can take a few seconds.
• Start the upgraded VictoriaLogs.

Retention

By default VictoriaLogs stores log entries with timestamps in the time range [now-7d, now], while dropping logs outside the given time range. E.g. it uses the retention of 7 days. The retention can be configured with -retentionPeriod command-line flag. This flag accepts values starting from 1d (one day) up to 100y (100 years). See these docs for the supported duration formats.

For example, the following command starts VictoriaLogs with the retention of 8 weeks:

/path/to/victoria-logs -retentionPeriod=8w

See also retention by disk space usage.

VictoriaLogs stores the ingested logs in per-day partition directories. It automatically drops partition directories outside the configured retention.

VictoriaLogs automatically drops logs at data ingestion stage if they have timestamps outside the configured retention. A sample of dropped logs is logged with WARN message in order to simplify troubleshooting. The vl_rows_dropped_total metric is incremented each time an ingested log entry is dropped because of timestamp outside the retention. It is recommended to set up the following alerting rule at vmalert in order to be notified when logs with wrong timestamps are ingested into VictoriaLogs:

rate(vl_rows_dropped_total[5m]) > 0

By default, VictoriaLogs doesn't accept log entries with timestamps bigger than now+2d, e.g. 2 days in the future. If you need accepting logs with bigger timestamps, then specify the desired "future retention" via -futureRetention command-line flag. This flag accepts values starting from 1d. See these docs for the supported duration formats.

For example, the following command starts VictoriaLogs, which accepts logs with timestamps up to a year in the future:

/path/to/victoria-logs -futureRetention=1y

Retention by disk space usage

VictoriaLogs can be configured to automatically drop older per-day partitions if the total size of data at -storageDataPath directory becomes bigger than the given threshold at -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes command-line flag. For example, the following command starts VictoriaLogs, which drops old per-day partitions if the total storage size becomes bigger than 100GiB:

/path/to/victoria-logs -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes=100GiB

VictoriaLogs usually compresses logs by 10x or more times. This means that VictoriaLogs can store more than a terabyte of uncompressed logs when it runs with -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes=100GiB.

VictoriaLogs keeps at least two last days of data in order to guarantee that the logs for the last day can be returned in queries. This means that the total disk space usage may exceed the -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes if the size of the last two days of data exceeds the -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes.

The -retentionPeriod is applied independently to the -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes. This means that VictoriaLogs automatically drops logs older than 7 days by default if only -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes command-line flag is set. Set the -retentionPeriod to some big value (e.g. 100y - 100 years) if logs shouldn't be dropped because of some small -retentionPeriod. For example:

/path/to/victoria-logs -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes=10TiB -retentionPeriod=100y

Storage

VictoriaLogs stores all its data in a single directory - victoria-logs-data. The path to the directory can be changed via -storageDataPath command-line flag. For example, the following command starts VictoriaLogs, which stores the data at /var/lib/victoria-logs:

/path/to/victoria-logs -storageDataPath=/var/lib/victoria-logs

VictoriaLogs automatically creates the -storageDataPath directory on the first run if it is missing.

Forced merge

VictoriaLogs performs data compactions in background in order to keep good performance characteristics when accepting new data. These compactions (merges) are performed independently on per-day partitions. This means that compactions are stopped for per-day partitions if no new data is ingested into these partitions. Sometimes it is necessary to trigger compactions for old partitions. In this case forced compaction may be initiated on the specified per-day partition by sending request to /internal/force_merge?partition_prefix=YYYYMMDD, where YYYYMMDD is per-day partition name. For example, http://victoria-logs:9428/internal/force_merge?partition_prefix=20240921 would initiate forced merge for September 21, 2024 partition. The call to /internal/force_merge returns immediately, while the corresponding forced merge continues running in background.

Forced merges may require additional CPU, disk IO and storage space resources. It is unnecessary to run forced merge under normal conditions, since VictoriaLogs automatically performs optimal merges in background when new data is ingested into it.

High Availability

High Availability (HA) Setup with VictoriaLogs Single-Node Instances

This schema outlines how to configure a High Availability (HA) setup using VictoriaLogs Single-Node instances. The setup consists of the following components:

• Log Collector: The log collector should support multiplexing incoming data to multiple outputs (destinations). Popular log collectors like Fluent Bit, Logstash, Fluentd, and Vector already offer this capability. Refer to their documentation for configuration details.

• VictoriaLogs Single-Node Instances: Use two or more instances to achieve HA.

• vmauth or Load Balancer: Used for reading data from one of the replicas to ensure balanced and redundant access.

Here are the working example of HA configuration for VictoriaLogs using Docker Compose:

• Fluent Bit + VictoriaLogs Single-Node + vmauth
• Logstash + VictoriaLogs Single-Node + vmauth
• Vector + VictoriaLogs Single-Node + vmauth

Backup and restore

VictoriaLogs currently does not have a snapshot feature and a tool like vmbackup as VictoriaMetrics does. So backing up VictoriaLogs requires manually executing the rsync command.

The files in VictoriaLogs have the following properties:

• All the data files are immutable. Small metadata files can be modified.
• Old data files are periodically merged into new data files.

Therefore, for a complete data backup, you need to run the rsync command twice.

# example of rsync to remote host
rsync -avh --progress <path-to-victorialogs-data> <username>@<host>:<path-to-victorialogs-backup>

The first rsync will sync the majority of the data, which can be time-consuming. As VictoriaLogs continues to run, new data is ingested, potentially creating new data files and modifying metadata files.

# example output
sending incremental file list
victoria-logs-data/
victoria-logs-data/flock.lock
              0 100%    0.00kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#1, to-chk=78/80)
              
...

victoria-logs-data/partitions/20240809/indexdb/17E9ED7EF89BF422/metaindex.bin
             51 100%    5.53kB/s    0:00:00 (xfr#64, to-chk=0/80)

sent 12.19K bytes  received 1.30K bytes  3.86K bytes/sec
total size is 7.31K  speedup is 0.54

The second rsync requires a brief shutdown of VictoriaLogs to ensure all data and metadata files are consistent and no longer changing. This rsync will cover any changes that have occurred since the last rsync and should not take a significant amount of time.

To restore from a backup, simply rsync the backup files from a remote location to the original directory during downtime. VictoriaLogs will automatically load this data upon startup.

# example of rsync from remote backup to local
rsync -avh --progress <username>@<host>:<path-to-victorialogs-backup> <path-to-victorialogs-data>

It is also possible to use the disk snapshot in order to perform a backup. This feature could be provided by your operating system, cloud provider, or third-party tools. Note that the snapshot must be consistent to ensure reliable backup.

Multitenancy

VictoriaLogs supports multitenancy. A tenant is identified by (AccountID, ProjectID) pair, where AccountID and ProjectID are arbitrary 32-bit unsigned integers. The AccountID and ProjectID fields can be set during data ingestion and querying via AccountID and ProjectID request headers.

If AccountID and/or ProjectID request headers aren't set, then the default 0 value is used.

VictoriaLogs has very low overhead for per-tenant management, so it is OK to have thousands of tenants in a single VictoriaLogs instance.

VictoriaLogs doesn't perform per-tenant authorization. Use vmauth or similar tools for per-tenant authorization.

Security

It is expected that VictoriaLogs runs in a protected environment, which is unreachable from the Internet without proper authorization. It is recommended providing access to VictoriaLogs data ingestion APIs and querying APIs via vmauth or similar authorization proxies.

Benchmarks

Here is a benchmark suite for comparing data ingestion performance and resource usage between VictoriaLogs and Elasticsearch or Loki.

It is recommended setting up VictoriaLogs in production alongside the existing log management systems and comparing resource usage + query performance between VictoriaLogs and your system such as Elasticsearch or Grafana Loki.

Please share benchmark results and ideas on how to improve benchmarks / VictoriaLogs via VictoriaMetrics community channels.

List of command-line flags

Pass -help to VictoriaLogs in order to see the list of supported command-line flags with their description:

  -blockcache.missesBeforeCaching int
    	The number of cache misses before putting the block into cache. Higher values may reduce indexdb/dataBlocks cache size at the cost of higher CPU and disk read usage (default 2)
  -defaultMsgValue string
    	Default value for _msg field if the ingested log entry doesn't contain it; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field (default "missing _msg field; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#message-field")
  -elasticsearch.version string
    	Elasticsearch version to report to client (default "8.9.0")
  -enableTCP6
    	Whether to enable IPv6 for listening and dialing. By default, only IPv4 TCP and UDP are used
  -envflag.enable
    	Whether to enable reading flags from environment variables in addition to the command line. Command line flag values have priority over values from environment vars. Flags are read only from the command line if this flag isn't set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#environment-variables for more details
  -envflag.prefix string
    	Prefix for environment variables if -envflag.enable is set
  -filestream.disableFadvise
    	Whether to disable fadvise() syscall when reading large data files. The fadvise() syscall prevents from eviction of recently accessed data from OS page cache during background merges and backups. In some rare cases it is better to disable the syscall if it uses too much CPU
  -flagsAuthKey value
    	Auth key for /flags endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides -httpAuth.*
    	Flag value can be read from the given file when using -flagsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -flagsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -flagsAuthKey=http://host/path or -flagsAuthKey=https://host/path
  -forceMergeAuthKey value
    	authKey, which must be passed in query string to /internal/force_merge pages. It overrides -httpAuth.*
    	Flag value can be read from the given file when using -forceMergeAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -forceMergeAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -forceMergeAuthKey=http://host/path or -forceMergeAuthKey=https://host/path
  -fs.disableMmap
    	Whether to use pread() instead of mmap() for reading data files. By default, mmap() is used for 64-bit arches and pread() is used for 32-bit arches, since they cannot read data files bigger than 2^32 bytes in memory. mmap() is usually faster for reading small data chunks than pread()
  -futureRetention value
    	Log entries with timestamps bigger than now+futureRetention are rejected during data ingestion; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention
    	The following optional suffixes are supported: s (second), h (hour), d (day), w (week), y (year). If suffix isn't set, then the duration is counted in months (default 2d)
  -http.connTimeout duration
    	Incoming connections to -httpListenAddr are closed after the configured timeout. This may help evenly spreading load among a cluster of services behind TCP-level load balancer. Zero value disables closing of incoming connections (default 2m0s)
  -http.disableResponseCompression
    	Disable compression of HTTP responses to save CPU resources. By default, compression is enabled to save network bandwidth
  -http.header.csp string
    	Value for 'Content-Security-Policy' header, recommended: "default-src 'self'"
  -http.header.frameOptions string
    	Value for 'X-Frame-Options' header
  -http.header.hsts string
    	Value for 'Strict-Transport-Security' header, recommended: 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains'
  -http.idleConnTimeout duration
    	Timeout for incoming idle http connections (default 1m0s)
  -http.maxGracefulShutdownDuration duration
    	The maximum duration for a graceful shutdown of the HTTP server. A highly loaded server may require increased value for a graceful shutdown (default 7s)
  -http.pathPrefix string
    	An optional prefix to add to all the paths handled by http server. For example, if '-http.pathPrefix=/foo/bar' is set, then all the http requests will be handled on '/foo/bar/*' paths. This may be useful for proxied requests. See https://www.robustperception.io/using-external-urls-and-proxies-with-prometheus
  -http.shutdownDelay duration
    	Optional delay before http server shutdown. During this delay, the server returns non-OK responses from /health page, so load balancers can route new requests to other servers
  -httpAuth.password value
    	Password for HTTP server's Basic Auth. The authentication is disabled if -httpAuth.username is empty
    	Flag value can be read from the given file when using -httpAuth.password=file:///abs/path/to/file or -httpAuth.password=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -httpAuth.password=http://host/path or -httpAuth.password=https://host/path
  -httpAuth.username string
    	Username for HTTP server's Basic Auth. The authentication is disabled if empty. See also -httpAuth.password
  -httpListenAddr array
    	TCP address to listen for incoming http requests. See also -httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol array
    	Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at the given -httpListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt . With enabled proxy protocol http server cannot serve regular /metrics endpoint. Use -pushmetrics.url for metrics pushing
    	Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Empty values are set to false.
  -inmemoryDataFlushInterval duration
    	The interval for guaranteed saving of in-memory data to disk. The saved data survives unclean shutdowns such as OOM crash, hardware reset, SIGKILL, etc. Bigger intervals may help increase the lifetime of flash storage with limited write cycles (e.g. Raspberry PI). Smaller intervals increase disk IO load. Minimum supported value is 1s (default 5s)
  -insert.maxFieldsPerLine int
    	The maximum number of log fields per line, which can be read by /insert/* handlers (default 1000)
  -insert.maxLineSizeBytes size
    	The maximum size of a single line, which can be read by /insert/* handlers
    	Supports the following optional suffixes for size values: KB, MB, GB, TB, KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB (default 262144)
  -insert.maxQueueDuration duration
    	The maximum duration to wait in the queue when -maxConcurrentInserts concurrent insert requests are executed (default 1m0s)
  -internStringCacheExpireDuration duration
    	The expiry duration for caches for interned strings. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringMaxLen and -internStringDisableCache (default 6m0s)
  -internStringDisableCache
    	Whether to disable caches for interned strings. This may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringCacheExpireDuration and -internStringMaxLen
  -internStringMaxLen int
    	The maximum length for strings to intern. A lower limit may save memory at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringDisableCache and -internStringCacheExpireDuration (default 500)
  -journald.ignoreFields array
    	Journal fields to ignore. See the list of allowed fields at https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.journal-fields.html.
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -journald.includeEntryMetadata
    	Include journal entry fields, which with double underscores.
  -journald.streamFields array
    	Journal fields to be used as stream fields. See the list of allowed fields at https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.journal-fields.html.
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -journald.tenantID string
    	TenantID for logs ingested via the Journald endpoint. (default "0:0")
  -journald.timeField string
    	Journal field to be used as time field. See the list of allowed fields at https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.journal-fields.html. (default "__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP")
  -logIngestedRows
    	Whether to log all the ingested log entries; this can be useful for debugging of data ingestion; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/ ; see also -logNewStreams
  -logNewStreams
    	Whether to log creation of new streams; this can be useful for debugging of high cardinality issues with log streams; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/keyconcepts/#stream-fields ; see also -logIngestedRows
  -loggerDisableTimestamps
    	Whether to disable writing timestamps in logs
  -loggerErrorsPerSecondLimit int
    	Per-second limit on the number of ERROR messages. If more than the given number of errors are emitted per second, the remaining errors are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
  -loggerFormat string
    	Format for logs. Possible values: default, json (default "default")
  -loggerJSONFields string
    	Allows renaming fields in JSON formatted logs. Example: "ts:timestamp,msg:message" renames "ts" to "timestamp" and "msg" to "message". Supported fields: ts, level, caller, msg
  -loggerLevel string
    	Minimum level of errors to log. Possible values: INFO, WARN, ERROR, FATAL, PANIC (default "INFO")
  -loggerMaxArgLen int
    	The maximum length of a single logged argument. Longer arguments are replaced with 'arg_start..arg_end', where 'arg_start' and 'arg_end' is prefix and suffix of the arg with the length not exceeding -loggerMaxArgLen / 2 (default 5000)
  -loggerOutput string
    	Output for the logs. Supported values: stderr, stdout (default "stderr")
  -loggerTimezone string
    	Timezone to use for timestamps in logs. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 or Local (default "UTC")
  -loggerWarnsPerSecondLimit int
    	Per-second limit on the number of WARN messages. If more than the given number of warns are emitted per second, then the remaining warns are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
  -maxConcurrentInserts int
    	The maximum number of concurrent insert requests. Set higher value when clients send data over slow networks. Default value depends on the number of available CPU cores. It should work fine in most cases since it minimizes resource usage. See also -insert.maxQueueDuration (default 32)
  -memory.allowedBytes size
    	Allowed size of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. This option overrides -memory.allowedPercent if set to a non-zero value. Too low a value may increase the cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache resulting in higher disk IO usage
    	Supports the following optional suffixes for size values: KB, MB, GB, TB, KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB (default 0)
  -memory.allowedPercent float
    	Allowed percent of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. See also -memory.allowedBytes. Too low a value may increase cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache which will result in higher disk IO usage (default 60)
  -metrics.exposeMetadata
    	Whether to expose TYPE and HELP metadata at the /metrics page, which is exposed at -httpListenAddr . The metadata may be needed when the /metrics page is consumed by systems, which require this information. For example, Managed Prometheus in Google Cloud - https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/docs/managed-prometheus/troubleshooting#missing-metric-type
  -metricsAuthKey value
    	Auth key for /metrics endpoint. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It overrides -httpAuth.*
    	Flag value can be read from the given file when using -metricsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -metricsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -metricsAuthKey=http://host/path or -metricsAuthKey=https://host/path
  -pprofAuthKey value
    	Auth key for /debug/pprof/* endpoints. It must be passed via authKey query arg. It -httpAuth.*
    	Flag value can be read from the given file when using -pprofAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -pprofAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -pprofAuthKey=http://host/path or -pprofAuthKey=https://host/path
  -pushmetrics.disableCompression
    	Whether to disable request body compression when pushing metrics to every -pushmetrics.url
  -pushmetrics.extraLabel array
    	Optional labels to add to metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.extraLabel='instance="foo"' adds instance="foo" label to all the metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -pushmetrics.header array
    	Optional HTTP request header to send to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.header='Authorization: Basic foobar' adds 'Authorization: Basic foobar' header to every request to every -pushmetrics.url
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -pushmetrics.interval duration
    	Interval for pushing metrics to every -pushmetrics.url (default 10s)
  -pushmetrics.url array
    	Optional URL to push metrics exposed at /metrics page. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#push-metrics . By default, metrics exposed at /metrics page aren't pushed to any remote storage
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes size
    	The maximum disk space usage at -storageDataPath before older per-day partitions are automatically dropped; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention-by-disk-space-usage ; see also -retentionPeriod
    	Supports the following optional suffixes for size values: KB, MB, GB, TB, KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB (default 0)
  -retentionPeriod value
    	Log entries with timestamps older than now-retentionPeriod are automatically deleted; log entries with timestamps outside the retention are also rejected during data ingestion; the minimum supported retention is 1d (one day); see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#retention ; see also -retention.maxDiskSpaceUsageBytes
    	The following optional suffixes are supported: s (second), h (hour), d (day), w (week), y (year). If suffix isn't set, then the duration is counted in months (default 7d)
  -search.maxConcurrentRequests int
    	The maximum number of concurrent search requests. It shouldn't be high, since a single request can saturate all the CPU cores, while many concurrently executed requests may require high amounts of memory. See also -search.maxQueueDuration (default 16)
  -search.maxQueryDuration duration
    	The maximum duration for query execution. It can be overridden to a smaller value on a per-query basis via 'timeout' query arg (default 30s)
  -search.maxQueueDuration duration
    	The maximum time the search request waits for execution when -search.maxConcurrentRequests limit is reached; see also -search.maxQueryDuration (default 10s)
  -storage.minFreeDiskSpaceBytes size
    	The minimum free disk space at -storageDataPath after which the storage stops accepting new data
    	Supports the following optional suffixes for size values: KB, MB, GB, TB, KiB, MiB, GiB, TiB (default 10000000)
  -storageDataPath string
    	Path to directory where to store VictoriaLogs data; see https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/#storage (default "victoria-logs-data")
  -syslog.compressMethod.tcp array
    	Compression method for syslog messages received at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. Supported values: none, gzip, deflate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#compression
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.compressMethod.udp array
    	Compression method for syslog messages received at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. Supported values: none, gzip, deflate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#compression
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.extraFields.tcp array
    	Fields to add to logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#adding-extra-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.extraFields.udp array
    	Fields to add to logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#adding-extra-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.ignoreFields.tcp array
    	Fields to ignore at logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#dropping-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.ignoreFields.udp array
    	Fields to ignore at logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#dropping-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.listenAddr.tcp array
    	Comma-separated list of TCP addresses to listen to for Syslog messages. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.listenAddr.udp array
    	Comma-separated list of UDP address to listen to for Syslog messages. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.streamFields.tcp array
    	Fields to use as log stream labels for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#stream-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.streamFields.udp array
    	Fields to use as log stream labels for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#stream-fields
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.tenantID.tcp array
    	TenantID for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#multitenancy
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.tenantID.udp array
    	TenantID for logs ingested via the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#multitenancy
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.timezone string
    	Timezone to use when parsing timestamps in RFC3164 syslog messages. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/ (default "Local")
  -syslog.tls array
    	Whether to enable TLS for receiving syslog messages at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. The corresponding -syslog.tlsCertFile and -syslog.tlsKeyFile must be set if -syslog.tls is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security
    	Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Empty values are set to false.
  -syslog.tlsCertFile array
    	Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if the corresponding -syslog.tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.tlsCipherSuites array
    	Optional list of TLS cipher suites for -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if -syslog.tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants . See also https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.tlsKeyFile array
    	Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if the corresponding -syslog.tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -syslog.tlsMinVersion string
    	The minimum TLS version to use for -syslog.listenAddr.tcp if -syslog.tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#security (default "TLS13")
  -syslog.useLocalTimestamp.tcp array
    	Whether to use local timestamp instead of the original timestamp for the ingested syslog messages at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.tcp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#log-timestamps
    	Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Empty values are set to false.
  -syslog.useLocalTimestamp.udp array
    	Whether to use local timestamp instead of the original timestamp for the ingested syslog messages at the corresponding -syslog.listenAddr.udp. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/victorialogs/data-ingestion/syslog/#log-timestamps
    	Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Empty values are set to false.
  -tls array
    	Whether to enable TLS for incoming HTTP requests at the given -httpListenAddr (aka https). -tlsCertFile and -tlsKeyFile must be set if -tls is set. See also -mtls
    	Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Empty values are set to false.
  -tlsCertFile array
    	Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. See also -tlsAutocertHosts
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -tlsCipherSuites array
    	Optional list of TLS cipher suites for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -tlsKeyFile array
    	Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated. See also -tlsAutocertHosts
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -tlsMinVersion array
    	Optional minimum TLS version to use for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13
    	Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
    	Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
  -version
    	Show VictoriaMetrics version