It is recommended to use the [single-node version](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics) instead of the cluster version
for ingestion rates lower than a million data points per second.
The single-node version [scales perfectly](https://medium.com/@valyala/measuring-vertical-scalability-for-time-series-databases-in-google-cloud-92550d78d8ae)
See [this question](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#which-victoriametrics-type-is-recommended-for-use-in-production---single-node-or-cluster) for more details.
See how to request a free trial license [here](https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/).
VictoriaMetrics is developed at a fast pace, so it is recommended periodically checking the [CHANGELOG](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/CHANGELOG.html) and performing [regular upgrades](#how-to-upgrade-victoriametrics).
VictoriaMetrics has achieved security certifications for Database Software Development and Software-Based Monitoring Services. We apply strict security measures in everything we do. See our [Security page](https://victoriametrics.com/security/) for more details.
by a separate service sitting in front of VictoriaMetrics cluster such as [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmauth.html)
or [vmgateway](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmgateway.html). [Contact us](mailto:info@victoriametrics.com) if you need assistance with such service.
- The database performance and resource usage doesn't depend on the number of tenants. It depends mostly on the total number of active time series in all the tenants. A time series is considered active if it received at least a single sample during the last hour or it has been touched by queries during the last hour.
See also [multitenancy via labels](#multitenancy-via-labels).
## Multitenancy via labels
`vminsert` can accept data from multiple [tenants](#multitenancy) via a special `multitenant` endpoints `http://vminsert:8480/insert/multitenant/<suffix>`,
where `<suffix>` can be replaced with any supported suffix for data ingestion from [this list](#url-format).
In this case the account id and project id are obtained from optional `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels of the incoming samples.
If `vm_account_id` or `vm_project_id` labels are missing or invalid, then the corresponding `accountID` or `projectID` is set to 0.
These labels are automatically removed from samples before forwarding them to `vmstorage`.
For example, if the following samples are written into `http://vminsert:8480/insert/multitenant/prometheus/api/v1/write`:
Compiled binaries for the cluster version are available in the `assets` section of the [releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
[Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html) supports automatic discovering and updating of `vmstorage` nodes.
It is recommended to run at least two nodes for each service for high availability purposes. In this case the cluster continues working when a single node is temporarily unavailable and the remaining nodes can handle the increased workload. The node may be temporarily unavailable when the underlying hardware breaks, during software upgrades, migration or other maintenance tasks.
It is preferred to run many small `vmstorage` nodes over a few big `vmstorage` nodes, since this reduces the workload increase on the remaining `vmstorage` nodes when some of `vmstorage` nodes become temporarily unavailable.
An http load balancer such as [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmauth.html) or `nginx` must be put in front of `vminsert` and `vmselect` nodes.
It must contain the following routing configs according to [the url format](#url-format):
- [An example docker-compose config for VictoriaMetrics cluster](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/deployment/docker/docker-compose-cluster.yml)
It is possible manually setting up a toy cluster on a single host. In this case every cluster component - `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` - must have distinct values for `-httpListenAddr` command-line flag. This flag specifies http address for accepting http requests for [monitoring](#monitoring) and [profiling](#profiling). `vmstorage` node must have distinct values for the following additional command-line flags in order to prevent resource usage clash:
- Each `.` in flag names must be substituted by `_` (for example `-insert.maxQueueDuration <duration>` will translate to `insert_maxQueueDuration=<duration>`)
- For repeating flags, an alternative syntax can be used by joining the different values into one using `,` as separator (for example `-storageNode <nodeA> -storageNode <nodeB>` will translate to `storageNode=<nodeA>,<nodeB>`)
- It is possible setting prefix for environment vars with `-envflag.prefix`. For instance, if `-envflag.prefix=VM_`, then env vars must be prepended with `VM_`
the following approaches for automatic discovery of `vmstorage` nodes:
- file-based discovery - put the list of `vmstorage` nodes into a file - one node address per each line - and then pass `-storageNode=file:/path/to/file-with-vmstorage-list`
to `vminsert` and `vmselect`. It is possible to read the list of vmstorage nodes from http or https urls.
For example, `-storageNode=file:http://some-host/vmstorage-list` would read the list of storage nodes
from `http://some-host/vmstorage-list`.
The list of discovered `vmstorage` nodes is automatically updated when the file contents changes.
The update frequency can be controlled with `-storageNode.discoveryInterval` command-line flag.
The currently discovered `vmstorage` nodes can be [monitored](#monitoring) with `vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_reachable` and `vm_rpc_vmstorage_is_read_only` metrics.
- It is recommended using distinct auth tokens for distinct [tenants](#multitenancy) in order to reduce potential damage in case of compromised auth token for some tenants.
- Prefer using lists of allowed [API endpoints](#url-format), while disallowing access to other endpoints when configuring auth proxy in front of `vminsert` and `vmselect`.
By default `vminsert` and `vmselect` nodes accept http requests at `8480` and `8481` ports accordingly (these ports can be changed via `-httpListenAddr` command-line flags),
since it is expected that [vmauth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmauth.html) is used for authorization and [TLS termination](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy)
in front of `vminsert` and `vmselect`.
[Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html) supports the ability to accept [mTLS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication)
requests at `8480` and `8481` ports for `vminsert` and `vmselect` nodes, by specifying `-tls` and `-mtls` command-line flags.
For example, the following command runs `vmselect`, which accepts only mTLS requests at port `8481`:
```
./vmselect -tls -mtls
```
By default system-wide [TLS Root CA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_certificate) is used for verifying client certificates if `-mtls` command-line flag is specified.
It is possible to specify custom TLS Root CA via `-mtlsCAFile` command-line flag.
By default `vminsert` and `vmselect` nodes use unencrypted connections to `vmstorage` nodes, since it is assumed that all the cluster components [run in a protected environment](#security). [Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html) provides optional support for [mTLS connections](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication#mTLS) between cluster components. Pass `-cluster.tls=true` command-line flag to `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` nodes in order to enable mTLS protection. Additionally, `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` must be configured with mTLS certificates via `-cluster.tlsCertFile`, `-cluster.tlsKeyFile` command-line options. These certificates are mutually verified when `vminsert` and `vmselect` dial `vmstorage`.
-`-cluster.tlsInsecureSkipVerify` can be set at `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` in order to disable peer certificate verification. Note that this breaks security.
-`-cluster.tlsCAFile` can be set at `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` for verifying peer certificates issued with custom [certificate authority](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority). By default, system-wide certificate authority is used for peer certificate verification.
-`-cluster.tlsCipherSuites` can be set to the list of supported TLS cipher suites at `vmstorage`. See [the list of supported TLS cipher suites](https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants).
When `vmselect` runs with `-clusternativeListenAddr` command-line option, then it can be configured with `-clusternative.tls*` options similar to `-cluster.tls*` for accepting `mTLS` connections from top-level `vmselect` nodes in [multi-level cluster setup](#multi-level-cluster-setup).
[Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html) can be downloaded and evaluated for free from [the releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
All the cluster components expose various metrics in Prometheus-compatible format at `/metrics` page on the TCP port set in `-httpListenAddr` command-line flag.
It is recommended setting up alerts in [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert.html) or in Prometheus from [this list](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/deployment/docker#alerts).
`vmstorage` nodes can be configured with limits on the number of unique time series across all the tenants with the following command-line flags:
-`-storage.maxHourlySeries` is the limit on the number of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series) during the last hour.
-`-storage.maxDailySeries` is the limit on the number of unique time series during the day. This limit can be used for limiting daily [time series churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
Note that these limits are set and applied individually per each `vmstorage` node in the cluster. So, if the cluster has `N``vmstorage` nodes, then the cluster-level limits will be `N` times bigger than the per-`vmstorage` limits.
See more details about cardinality limiter in [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#cardinality-limiter).
[Troubleshooting docs for single-node VictoriaMetrics](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Troubleshooting.html) apply to VictoriaMetrics cluster as well.
The main differences between URL formats of cluster and [Single server](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html)
versions are that cluster has separate components for read and ingestion path, and because of multi-tenancy support.
Also in the cluster version the `/prometheus/api/v1` endpoint ingests `jsonl`, `csv`, `native` and `prometheus` data formats **not** only `prometheus` data.
Check practical examples of VictoriaMetrics API [here](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html).
-`<accountID>` is an arbitrary 32-bit integer identifying namespace for data ingestion (aka tenant). It is possible to set it as `accountID:projectID`,
where `projectID` is also arbitrary 32-bit integer. If `projectID` isn't set, then it equals to `0`. See [multitenancy docs](#multitenancy) for more details.
The `<accountID>` can be set to `multitenant` string, e.g. `http://<vminsert>:8480/insert/multitenant/<suffix>`. Such urls accept data from multiple tenants
specified via `vm_account_id` and `vm_project_id` labels. See [multitenancy via labels](#multitenancy-via-labels) for more details.
-`prometheus` and `prometheus/api/v1/write` - for ingesting data with [Prometheus remote write API](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/configuration/#remote_write).
-`prometheus/api/v1/import/native` - for importing data obtained via `api/v1/export/native` on `vmselect` (see below).
-`prometheus/api/v1/import/csv` - for importing arbitrary CSV data. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-import-csv-data) for details.
-`prometheus/api/v1/import/prometheus` - for importing data in [Prometheus text exposition format](https://github.com/prometheus/docs/blob/master/content/docs/instrumenting/exposition_formats.md#text-based-format) and in [OpenMetrics format](https://github.com/OpenObservability/OpenMetrics/blob/master/specification/OpenMetrics.md). This endpoint also supports [Pushgateway protocol](https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway#url). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-import-data-in-prometheus-exposition-format) for details.
-`opentelemetry/v1/metrics` - for ingesting data via [OpenTelemetry protocol for metrics](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/blob/ffddc289462dfe0c2041e3ca42a7b1df805706de/specification/metrics/data-model.md). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#sending-data-via-opentelemetry).
-`datadog/api/v1/series` - for ingesting data with DataDog submit metrics API v1. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples.html#datadogapiv1series) for details.
-`datadog/api/v2/series` - for ingesting data with [DataDog submit metrics API](https://docs.datadoghq.com/api/latest/metrics/#submit-metrics). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-send-data-from-datadog-agent) for details.
-`datadog/api/beta/sketches` - for ingesting data with [DataDog lambda extension](https://docs.datadoghq.com/serverless/libraries_integrations/extension/).
-`influx/write` and `influx/api/v2/write` - for ingesting data with [InfluxDB line protocol](https://docs.influxdata.com/influxdb/v1.7/write_protocols/line_protocol_tutorial/). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#how-to-send-data-from-influxdb-compatible-agents-such-as-telegraf) for details.
-`newrelic/infra/v2/metrics/events/bulk` - for accepting data from [NewRelic infrastructure agent](https://docs.newrelic.com/docs/infrastructure/install-infrastructure-agent). See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#how-to-send-data-from-newrelic-agent) for details.
-`opentsdb/api/put` - for accepting [OpenTSDB HTTP /api/put requests](http://opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/api_http/put.html). This handler is disabled by default. It is exposed on a distinct TCP address set via `-opentsdbHTTPListenAddr` command-line flag. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.html#sending-opentsdb-data-via-http-apiput-requests) for details.
-`api/v1/labels` - returns a [list of label names](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples/#apiv1labels).
-`api/v1/label/<label_name>/values` - returns values for the given `<label_name>` according [to the API](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples/#apiv1labelvalues).
-`api/v1/export` - exports raw data in JSON line format. See [this article](https://medium.com/@valyala/analyzing-prometheus-data-with-external-tools-5f3e5e147639) for details.
-`api/v1/export/native` - exports raw data in native binary format. It may be imported into another VictoriaMetrics via `api/v1/import/native` (see above).
-`metrics/find` - searches Graphite metrics. See [these docs](https://graphite-api.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#metrics-find).
-`metrics/expand` - expands Graphite metrics. See [these docs](https://graphite-api.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#metrics-expand).
-`metrics/index.json` - returns all the metric names. See [these docs](https://graphite-api.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html#metrics-index-json).
-`tags/tagSeries` - registers time series. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#adding-series-to-the-tagdb).
-`tags/tagMultiSeries` - register multiple time series. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#adding-series-to-the-tagdb).
-`tags` - returns tag names. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#exploring-tags).
-`tags/<tag_name>` - returns tag values for the given `<tag_name>`. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#exploring-tags).
-`tags/findSeries` - returns series matching the given `expr`. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#exploring-tags).
-`tags/autoComplete/tags` - returns tags matching the given `tagPrefix` and/or `expr`. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#auto-complete-support).
-`tags/autoComplete/values` - returns tag values matching the given `valuePrefix` and/or `expr`. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#auto-complete-support).
-`tags/delSeries` - deletes series matching the given `path`. See [these docs](https://graphite.readthedocs.io/en/stable/tags.html#removing-series-from-the-tagdb).
- URL with basic Web UI: `http://<vmselect>:8481/select/<accountID>/vmui/`.
- URL for query stats across all tenants: `http://<vmselect>:8481/api/v1/status/top_queries`. It lists with the most frequently executed queries and queries taking the most duration.
- URL for time series deletion: `http://<vmselect>:8481/delete/<accountID>/prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series?match[]=<timeseries_selector_for_delete>`.
Note that the `delete_series` handler should be used only in exceptional cases such as deletion of accidentally ingested incorrect time series. It shouldn't
be used on a regular basis, since it carries non-zero overhead.
- URL for listing [tenants](#multitenancy) with the ingested data on the given time range: `http://<vmselect>:8481/admin/tenants?start=...&end=...` .
The `start` and `end` query args are optional. If they are missing, then all the tenants with at least one sample stored in VictoriaMetrics are returned.
which can be used for backups in background. Snapshots are created in `<storageDataPath>/snapshots` folder, where `<storageDataPath>` is the corresponding
- Adding more CPU and RAM to existing `vmselect` nodes improves the performance for heavy queries, which process big number of time series with big number of raw samples. See [this article on how to detect and optimize heavy queries](https://valyala.medium.com/how-to-optimize-promql-and-metricsql-queries-85a1b75bf986).
- Adding more `vmstorage` nodes increases the number of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series) the cluster can handle. This also increases query performance over time series with [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate). The cluster stability is also improved with the number of `vmstorage` nodes, since active `vmstorage` nodes need to handle lower additional workload when some of `vmstorage` nodes become unavailable.
- Adding more CPU and RAM to existing `vmstorage` nodes increases the number of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series) the cluster can handle. It is preferred to add more `vmstorage` nodes over adding more CPU and RAM to existing `vmstorage` nodes, since higher number of `vmstorage` nodes increases cluster stability and improves query performance over time series with [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
- Adding more `vminsert` nodes increases the maximum possible data ingestion speed, since the ingested data may be split among bigger number of `vminsert` nodes.
- Adding more `vmselect` nodes increases the maximum possible queries rate, since the incoming concurrent requests may be split among bigger number of `vmselect` nodes.
- To pass bigger values to `-storage.vminsertConnsShutdownDuration` (available from [v1.95.0](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/CHANGELOG.html#v1950))
command-line flag at `vmstorage` nodes.In this case `vmstorage` increases the interval between gradual closing of `vminsert` connections during graceful shutdown.
This reduces data ingestion slowdown during rollout restarts.
Make sure that the `-storage.vminsertConnsShutdownDuration` is smaller than the graceful shutdown timeout configured at the system which manages `vmstorage`
(e.g. Docker, Kubernetes, systemd, etc.). Otherwise the system may kill `vmstorage` node before it finishes gradual closing of `vminsert` connections.
- [`/api/v1/query`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples/#apiv1query) when the `query` contains [series selector](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#filtering)
ending with some duration in square brackets. For example, `/api/v1/query?query=up[1h]&time=2024-01-02T03:00:00Z`.
This query returns [raw samples](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#raw-samples) for [time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyconcepts/#time-series)
with the `up` name on the time range `(2024-01-02T02:00:00 .. 2024-01-02T03:00:00]`. See [this article](https://valyala.medium.com/analyzing-prometheus-data-with-external-tools-5f3e5e147639)
VictoriaMetrics uses lower amounts of CPU, RAM and storage space on production workloads compared to competing solutions (Prometheus, Thanos, Cortex, TimescaleDB, InfluxDB, QuestDB, M3DB) according to [our case studies](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/CaseStudies.html).
Each node type - `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage` - can run on the most suitable hardware. Cluster capacity scales linearly with the available resources. The needed amounts of CPU and RAM per each node type highly depends on the workload - the number of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series), [series churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate), query types, query qps, etc. It is recommended setting up a test VictoriaMetrics cluster for your production workload and iteratively scaling per-node resources and the number of nodes per node type until the cluster becomes stable. It is recommended setting up [monitoring for the cluster](#monitoring). It helps to determine bottlenecks in cluster setup. It is also recommended following [the troubleshooting docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#troubleshooting).
The needed storage space for the given retention (the retention is set via `-retentionPeriod` command-line flag at `vmstorage`) can be extrapolated from disk space usage in a test run. For example, if the storage space usage is 10GB after a day-long test run on a production workload, then it will need at least `10GB*100=1TB` of disk space for `-retentionPeriod=100d` (100-days retention period). Storage space usage can be monitored with [the official Grafana dashboard for VictoriaMetrics cluster](#monitoring).
- 50% of free RAM across all the node types for reducing the probability of OOM (out of memory) crashes and slowdowns during temporary spikes in workload.
- 50% of spare CPU across all the node types for reducing the probability of slowdowns during temporary spikes in workload.
- At least 20% of free storage space at the directory pointed by `-storageDataPath` command-line flag at `vmstorage` nodes. See also `-storage.minFreeDiskSpaceBytes` command-line flag [description for vmstorage](#list-of-command-line-flags-for-vmstorage).
- The [replication](#replication-and-data-safety) increases the amounts of needed resources for the cluster by up to `N` times where `N` is replication factor. This is because `vminsert` stores `N` copies of every ingested sample on distinct `vmstorage` nodes. These copies are de-duplicated by `vmselect` during querying. The most cost-efficient and performant solution for data durability is to rely on replicated durable persistent disks such as [Google Compute persistent disks](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks#pdspecs) instead of using the [replication at VictoriaMetrics level](#replication-and-data-safety).
- It is recommended to run a cluster with big number of small `vmstorage` nodes instead of a cluster with small number of big `vmstorage` nodes. This increases chances that the cluster remains available and stable when some of `vmstorage` nodes are temporarily unavailable during maintenance events such as upgrades, configuration changes or migrations. For example, when a cluster contains 10 `vmstorage` nodes and a single node becomes temporarily unavailable, then the workload on the remaining 9 nodes increases by `1/9=11%`. When a cluster contains 3 `vmstorage` nodes and a single node becomes temporarily unavailable, then the workload on the remaining 2 nodes increases by `1/2=50%`. The remaining `vmstorage` nodes may have no enough free capacity for handling the increased workload. In this case the cluster may become overloaded, which may result to decreased availability and stability.
- Cluster capacity for [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series) can be increased by increasing RAM and CPU resources per each `vmstorage` node or by adding new `vmstorage` nodes.
- Query latency can be reduced by increasing CPU resources per each `vmselect` node, since each incoming query is processed by a single `vmselect` node. Performance for heavy queries scales with the number of available CPU cores at `vmselect` node, since `vmselect` processes time series referred by the query on all the available CPU cores.
- If the cluster needs to process incoming queries at a high rate, then its capacity can be increased by adding more `vmselect` nodes, so incoming queries could be spread among bigger number of `vmselect` nodes.
- By default `vminsert` compresses the data it sends to `vmstorage` in order to reduce network bandwidth usage. The compression takes additional CPU resources at `vminsert`. If `vminsert` nodes have limited CPU, then the compression can be disabled by passing `-rpc.disableCompression` command-line flag at `vminsert` nodes.
- By default `vmstorage` compresses the data it sends to `vmselect` during queries in order to reduce network bandwidth usage. The compression takes additional CPU resources at `vmstorage`. If `vmstorage` nodes have limited CPU, then the compression can be disabled by passing `-rpc.disableCompression` command-line flag at `vmstorage` nodes.
Some workloads may need fine-grained resource usage limits. In these cases the following command-line flags may be useful:
-`-memory.allowedPercent` and `-memory.allowedBytes` limit the amounts of memory, which may be used for various internal caches
at all the cluster components of VictoriaMetrics - `vminsert`, `vmselect` and `vmstorage`. Note that VictoriaMetrics components may use more memory,
since these flags don't limit additional memory, which may be needed on a per-query basis.
-`-search.maxMemoryPerQuery` limits the amounts of memory, which can be used for processing a single query at `vmselect` node.
Queries, which need more memory, are rejected. Heavy queries, which select big number of time series,
may exceed the per-query memory limit by a small percent. The total memory limit for concurrently executed queries can be estimated
as `-search.maxMemoryPerQuery` multiplied by `-search.maxConcurrentRequests`.
-`-search.maxUniqueTimeseries` at `vmselect` component limits the number of unique time series a single query can find and process.
`vmselect` passes the limit to `vmstorage` component, which keeps in memory some metainformation about the time series located
by each query and spends some CPU time for processing the found time series. This means that the maximum memory usage and CPU usage
a single query can use at `vmstorage` is proportional to `-search.maxUniqueTimeseries`.
-`-search.maxQueryDuration` at `vmselect` limits the duration of a single query. If the query takes longer than the given duration, then it is canceled.
This allows saving CPU and RAM at `vmselect` and `vmstorage` when executing unexpectedly heavy queries.
-`-search.maxConcurrentRequests` at `vmselect` and `vmstorage` limits the number of concurrent requests a single `vmselect` / `vmstorage` node can process.
Bigger number of concurrent requests usually require bigger amounts of memory at both `vmselect` and `vmstorage`.
For example, if a single query needs 100 MiB of additional memory during its execution, then 100 concurrent queries
may need `100 * 100 MiB = 10 GiB` of additional memory. So it is better to limit the number of concurrent queries,
See also `-search.maxMemoryPerQuery` command-line flag at `vmselect`.
-`-search.maxQueueDuration` at `vmselect` and `vmstorage` limits the maximum duration queries may wait for execution when `-search.maxConcurrentRequests`
-`-search.ignoreExtraFiltersAtLabelsAPI` at `vmselect` enables ignoring of `match[]`, [`extra_filters[]` and `extra_label`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#prometheus-querying-api-enhancements)
query args at [/api/v1/labels](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples/#apiv1labels) and
-`-search.maxSamplesPerQuery` at `vmselect` limits the number of raw samples a single query can process. This allows limiting CPU usage at `vmselect` for heavy queries.
-`-search.maxResponseSeries` at `vmselect` limits the number of time series a single query can return
from [`/api/v1/query`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#instant-query) and [`/api/v1/query_range`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/keyConcepts.html#range-query).
-`-search.maxSeriesPerAggrFunc` limits the number of time series, which can be generated by [MetricsQL aggregate functions](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/MetricsQL.html#aggregate-functions) in a single query.
for auto-completion of label names. Queries to this endpoint may take big amounts of CPU time and memory at `vmstorage` and `vmselect`
when the database contains big number of unique time series because of [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
In this case it might be useful to set the `-search.maxTagKeys` to quite low value in order to limit CPU and memory usage.
for auto-completion of label values. Queries to this endpoint may take big amounts of CPU time and memory at `vmstorage` and `vmselect`
when the database contains big number of unique time series because of [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
In this case it might be useful to set the `-search.maxTagValues` to quite low value in order to limit CPU and memory usage.
These endpoints are used mostly by Grafana for auto-completion of label names and label values. Queries to these endpoints may take big amounts of CPU time and memory
when the database contains big number of unique time series because of [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
In this case it might be useful to set the `-search.maxLabelsAPISeries` to quite low value in order to limit CPU and memory usage.
-`-search.maxLabelsAPIDuration` at `vmselect` limits the duration for reuqests to [/api/v1/labels](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/url-examples/#apiv1labels),
These endpoints are used mostly by Grafana for auto-completion of label names and label values. Queries to these endpoints may take big amounts of CPU time and memory
when the database contains big number of unique time series because of [high churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate).
In this case it might be useful to set the `-search.maxLabelsAPIDuration` to quite low value in order to limit CPU and memory usage.
-`-storage.maxDailySeries` at `vmstorage` can be used for limiting the number of time series seen per day aka
[time series churn rate](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-high-churn-rate). See [cardinality limiter docs](#cardinality-limiter).
-`-storage.maxHourlySeries` at `vmstorage` can be used for limiting the number of [active time series](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/FAQ.html#what-is-an-active-time-series).
See [cardinality limiter docs](#cardinality-limiter).
See also [capacity planning docs](#capacity-planning) and [cardinality limiter in vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#cardinality-limiter).
The database is considered highly available if it continues accepting new data and processing incoming queries when some of its components are temporarily unavailable.
VictoriaMetrics cluster is highly available according to this definition - see [cluster availability docs](#cluster-availability).
Then an additional `vmselect` nodes can be configured for reading the data from multiple clusters according to [these docs](#multi-level-cluster-setup).
`vmselect` nodes can be queried by other `vmselect` nodes if they run with `-clusternativeListenAddr` command-line flag.
For example, if `vmselect` is started with `-clusternativeListenAddr=:8401`, then it can accept queries from another `vmselect` nodes at TCP port 8401
in the same way as `vmstorage` nodes do. This allows chaining `vmselect` nodes and building multi-level cluster topologies.
For example, the top-level `vmselect` node can query second-level `vmselect` nodes in different availability zones (AZ),
while the second-level `vmselect` nodes can query `vmstorage` nodes in local AZ. See also [vmstorage groups at vmselect](#vmstorage-groups-at-vmselect).
*`vminsert` nodes at top level re-route incoming data to the remaining AZs when some AZs are temporarily unavailable. This results in data gaps at AZs which were temporarily unavailable.
These issues are addressed by [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html) when it runs in [multitenancy mode](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html#multitenancy).
`vmagent` buffers data, which must be sent to a particular AZ, when this AZ is temporarily unavailable. The buffer is stored on disk. The buffered data is sent to AZ as soon as it becomes available.
## vmstorage groups at vmselect
`vmselect` can be configured to query multiple distinct groups of `vmstorage` nodes with individual `-replicationFactor` per each group.
The following format for `-storageNode` command-line flag value should be used for assigning a particular `addr` of `vmstorage` to a particular `groupName` -
`-storageNode=groupName/addr`. For example, the following command runs `vmselect`, which continues returning full responses if up to one node per each group is temporarily unavailable
because the given `-replicationFactor=2` is applied individually per each group:
It is possible to specify distinct `-replicationFactor` per each group via the following format - `-replicationFactor=groupName:rf`.
For example, the following command runs `vmselect`, which uses `-replicationFactor=3` for the `group1`, while it uses `-replicationFactor=1` for the `group2`:
By default, VictoriaMetrics offloads replication to the underlying storage pointed by `-storageDataPath` such as [Google compute persistent disk](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks#pdspecs),
which guarantees data durability. VictoriaMetrics supports application-level replication if replicated durable persistent disks cannot be used for some reason.
The replication can be enabled by passing `-replicationFactor=N` command-line flag to `vminsert`. This instructs `vminsert` to store `N` copies for every ingested sample
on `N` distinct `vmstorage` nodes. This guarantees that all the stored data remains available for querying if up to `N-1``vmstorage` nodes are unavailable.
Passing `-replicationFactor=N` command-line flag to `vmselect` instructs it to not mark responses as `partial` if less than `-replicationFactor` vmstorage nodes are unavailable during the query.
See [cluster availability docs](#cluster-availability) for details.
VictoriaMetrics stores timestamps with millisecond precision, so `-dedup.minScrapeInterval=1ms` command-line flag must be passed to `vmselect` nodes when the replication is enabled,
so they could de-duplicate replicated samples obtained from distinct `vmstorage` nodes during querying. If duplicate data is pushed to VictoriaMetrics
from identically configured [vmagent](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmagent.html) instances or Prometheus instances, then the `-dedup.minScrapeInterval` must be set
to `scrape_interval` from scrape configs according to [deduplication docs](#deduplication).
Note that the replication increases resource usage - CPU, RAM, disk space, network bandwidth - by up to `-replicationFactor=N` times, because `vminsert` stores `N` copies
of incoming data to distinct `vmstorage` nodes and `vmselect` needs to de-duplicate the replicated data obtained from `vmstorage` nodes during querying.
So it is more cost-effective to offload the replication to underlying replicated durable storage pointed by `-storageDataPath`
such as [Google Compute Engine persistent disk](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/#pdspecs), which is protected from data loss and data corruption.
It also provides consistently high performance and [may be resized](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/add-persistent-disk) without downtime.
HDD-based persistent disks should be enough for the majority of use cases. It is recommended using durable replicated persistent volumes in Kubernetes.
Cluster version of VictoriaMetrics supports data deduplication in the same way as single-node version do. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#deduplication) for details. The only difference is that the same `-dedup.minScrapeInterval` command-line flag value must be passed to both `vmselect` and `vmstorage` nodes because of the following aspects:
By default, `vminsert` tries to route all the samples for a single time series to a single `vmstorage` node. But samples for a single time series can be spread among multiple `vmstorage` nodes under certain conditions:
* when adding/removing `vmstorage` nodes. Then new samples for a part of time series will be routed to another `vmstorage` nodes;
* when `vmstorage` nodes are temporarily unavailable (for instance, during their restart). Then new samples are re-routed to the remaining available `vmstorage` nodes;
* when `vmstorage` node has no enough capacity for processing incoming data stream. Then `vminsert` re-routes new samples to other `vmstorage` nodes.
It is recommended performing periodical backups from [instant snapshots](https://medium.com/@valyala/how-victoriametrics-makes-instant-snapshots-for-multi-terabyte-time-series-data-e1f3fb0e0282)
for protecting from user errors such as accidental data deletion.
The following steps must be performed for each `vmstorage` node for creating a backup:
1. Create an instant snapshot by navigating to `/snapshot/create` HTTP handler. It will create snapshot and return its name.
1. Archive the created snapshot from `<-storageDataPath>/snapshots/<snapshot_name>` folder using [vmbackup](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmbackup.html).
[VictoriaMetrics enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html) supports configuring multiple retentions for distinct sets of time series
by passing `-retentionFilter` command-line flag to `vmstorage` nodes. See [these docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#retention-filters) for details on this feature.
Additionally, enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics cluster supports multiple retentions for distinct sets of [tenants](#multitenancy)
by specifying filters on `vm_account_id` and/or `vm_project_id` pseudo-labels in `-retentionFilter` command-line flag.
If the tenant doesn't match specified `-retentionFilter` options, then the global `-retentionPeriod` is used for it.
Enterprise binaries can be downloaded and evaluated for free from [the releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
Enterprise binaries can be downloaded and evaluated for free from [the releases page](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases/latest).
- Fragile gossip protocols. See [failed attempt in Thanos](https://github.com/improbable-eng/thanos/blob/030bc345c12c446962225221795f4973848caab5/docs/proposals/completed/201809_gossip-removal.md).
The number of cache misses before putting the block into cache. Higher values may reduce indexdb/dataBlocks cache size at the cost of higher CPU and disk read usage (default 2)
Items are removed from in-memory caches after they aren't accessed for this duration. Lower values may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -prevCacheRemovalPercent (default 30m0s)
Whether to use TLS for connections to -storageNode. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to TLS CA file to use for verifying certificates provided by -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. By default system CA is used. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to client-side TLS certificate file to use when connecting to -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to skip verification of TLS certificates provided by -storageNode nodes if -cluster.tls flag is set. Note that disabled TLS certificate verification breaks security. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to client-side TLS key file to use when connecting to -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
The time needed for gradual closing of upstream vminsert connections during graceful shutdown. Bigger duration reduces spikes in CPU, RAM and disk IO load on the remaining lower-level clusters during rolling restart. Smaller duration reduces the time needed to close all the upstream vminsert connections, thus reducing the time for graceful shutdown. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#improving-re-routing-performance-during-restart (default 25s)
TCP address to listen for data from other vminsert nodes in multi-level cluster setup. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#multi-level-cluster-setup . Usually :8400 should be set to match default vmstorage port for vminsert. Disabled work if empty
Trim timestamps when importing csv data to this duration. Minimum practical duration is 1ms. Higher duration (i.e. 1s) may be used for reducing disk space usage for timestamp data (default 1ms)
Sanitize metric names for the ingested DataDog data to comply with DataDog behaviour described at https://docs.datadoghq.com/metrics/custom_metrics/#naming-custom-metrics (default true)
Whether to disable re-routing when some of vmstorage nodes accept incoming data at slower speed compared to other storage nodes. Disabled re-routing limits the ingestion rate by the slowest vmstorage node. On the other side, disabled re-routing minimizes the number of active time series in the cluster during rolling restarts and during spikes in series churn rate. See also -disableReroutingOnUnavailable and -dropSamplesOnOverload (default true)
-disableReroutingOnUnavailable
Whether to disable re-routing when some of vmstorage nodes are unavailable. Disabled re-routing stops ingestion when some storage nodes are unavailable. On the other side, disabled re-routing minimizes the number of active time series in the cluster during rolling restarts and during spikes in series churn rate. See also -disableRerouting
Whether to drop incoming samples if the destination vmstorage node is overloaded and/or unavailable. This prioritizes cluster availability over consistency, e.g. the cluster continues accepting all the ingested samples, but some of them may be dropped if vmstorage nodes are temporarily unavailable and/or overloaded. The drop of samples happens before the replication, so it's not recommended to use this flag with -replicationFactor enabled.
Whether to enable reading flags from environment variables in addition to the command line. Command line flag values have priority over values from environment vars. Flags are read only from the command line if this flag isn't set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#environment-variables for more details
Deprecated, please use -license or -licenseFile flags instead. By specifying this flag, you confirm that you have an enterprise license and accept the ESA https://victoriametrics.com/legal/esa/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
-filestream.disableFadvise
Whether to disable fadvise() syscall when reading large data files. The fadvise() syscall prevents from eviction of recently accessed data from OS page cache during background merges and backups. In some rare cases it is better to disable the syscall if it uses too much CPU
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -flagsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -flagsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -flagsAuthKey=http://host/path or -flagsAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to use pread() instead of mmap() for reading data files. By default, mmap() is used for 64-bit arches and pread() is used for 32-bit arches, since they cannot read data files bigger than 2^32 bytes in memory. mmap() is usually faster for reading small data chunks than pread()
TCP and UDP address to listen for Graphite plaintext data. Usually :2003 must be set. Doesn't work if empty. See also -graphiteListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
-graphiteListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at -graphiteListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
Trim timestamps for Graphite data to this duration. Minimum practical duration is 1s. Higher duration (i.e. 1m) may be used for reducing disk space usage for timestamp data (default 1s)
Incoming connections to -httpListenAddr are closed after the configured timeout. This may help evenly spreading load among a cluster of services behind TCP-level load balancer. Zero value disables closing of incoming connections (default 2m0s)
The maximum duration for a graceful shutdown of the HTTP server. A highly loaded server may require increased value for a graceful shutdown (default 7s)
An optional prefix to add to all the paths handled by http server. For example, if '-http.pathPrefix=/foo/bar' is set, then all the http requests will be handled on '/foo/bar/*' paths. This may be useful for proxied requests. See https://www.robustperception.io/using-external-urls-and-proxies-with-prometheus
Optional delay before http server shutdown. During this delay, the server returns non-OK responses from /health page, so load balancers can route new requests to other servers
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -httpAuth.password=file:///abs/path/to/file or -httpAuth.password=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -httpAuth.password=http://host/path or -httpAuth.password=https://host/path
Address to listen for incoming http requests. See also -httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol array
Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at the given -httpListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt . With enabled proxy protocol http server cannot serve regular /metrics endpoint. Use -pushmetrics.url for metrics pushing
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
The maximum length in bytes of a single line accepted by /api/v1/import; the line length can be limited with 'max_rows_per_line' query arg passed to /api/v1/export
Comma-separated list of database names to return from /query and /influx/query API. This can be needed for accepting data from Telegraf plugins such as https://github.com/fangli/fluent-plugin-influxdb
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
TCP and UDP address to listen for InfluxDB line protocol data. Usually :8089 must be set. Doesn't work if empty. This flag isn't needed when ingesting data over HTTP - just send it to http://<victoriametrics>:8428/write . See also -influxListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
-influxListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at -influxListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt
Trim timestamps for InfluxDB line protocol data to this duration. Minimum practical duration is 1ms. Higher duration (i.e. 1s) may be used for reducing disk space usage for timestamp data (default 1ms)
The expiry duration for caches for interned strings. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringMaxLen and -internStringDisableCache (default 6m0s)
Whether to disable caches for interned strings. This may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringCacheExpireDuration and -internStringMaxLen
The maximum length for strings to intern. A lower limit may save memory at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringDisableCache and -internStringCacheExpireDuration (default 500)
Lisense key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed via file specified by -licenseFile command-line flag
Whether to enable offline verification for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise license key, which has been passed either via -license or via -licenseFile command-line flag. The issued license key must support offline verification feature. Contact info@victoriametrics.com if you need offline license verification. This flag is avilable only in Enterprise binaries
Path to file with license key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed inline via -license command-line flag
Per-second limit on the number of ERROR messages. If more than the given number of errors are emitted per second, the remaining errors are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
The maximum length of a single logged argument. Longer arguments are replaced with 'arg_start..arg_end', where 'arg_start' and 'arg_end' is prefix and suffix of the arg with the length not exceeding -loggerMaxArgLen / 2 (default 1000)
Timezone to use for timestamps in logs. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 or Local (default "UTC")
Per-second limit on the number of WARN messages. If more than the given number of warns are emitted per second, then the remaining warns are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
The maximum number of concurrent insert requests. Default value depends on the number of CPU cores and should work for most cases since it minimizes the memory usage. The default value can be increased when clients send data over slow networks. See also -insert.maxQueueDuration
The maximum length of label values in the accepted time series. Longer label values are truncated. In this case the vm_too_long_label_values_total metric at /metrics page is incremented (default 16384)
The maximum number of labels accepted per time series. Superfluous labels are dropped. In this case the vm_metrics_with_dropped_labels_total metric at /metrics page is incremented (default 30)
Allowed size of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. This option overrides -memory.allowedPercent if set to a non-zero value. Too low a value may increase the cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache resulting in higher disk IO usage
Allowed percent of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. See also -memory.allowedBytes. Too low a value may increase cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache which will result in higher disk IO usage (default 60)
Whether to expose TYPE and HELP metadata at the /metrics page, which is exposed at -httpListenAddr . The metadata may be needed when the /metrics page is consumed by systems, which require this information. For example, Managed Prometheus in Google Cloud - https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/docs/managed-prometheus/troubleshooting#missing-metric-type
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -metricsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -metricsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -metricsAuthKey=http://host/path or -metricsAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to require valid client certificate for https requests to the corresponding -httpListenAddr . This flag works only if -tls flag is set. See also -mtlsCAFile . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-mtlsCAFile array
Optional path to TLS Root CA for verifying client certificates at the corresponding -httpListenAddr when -mtls is enabled. By default the host system TLS Root CA is used for client certificate verification. This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
TCP address to listen for OpenTSDB HTTP put requests. Usually :4242 must be set. Doesn't work if empty. See also -opentsdbHTTPListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
TCP and UDP address to listen for OpenTSDB metrics. Telnet put messages and HTTP /api/put messages are simultaneously served on TCP port. Usually :4242 must be set. Doesn't work if empty. See also -opentsdbListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Trim timestamps for OpenTSDB 'telnet put' data to this duration. Minimum practical duration is 1s. Higher duration (i.e. 1m) may be used for reducing disk space usage for timestamp data (default 1s)
Trim timestamps for OpenTSDB HTTP data to this duration. Minimum practical duration is 1ms. Higher duration (i.e. 1s) may be used for reducing disk space usage for timestamp data (default 1ms)
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -pprofAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -pprofAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -pprofAuthKey=http://host/path or -pprofAuthKey=https://host/path
Items in the previous caches are removed when the percent of requests it serves becomes lower than this value. Higher values reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -cacheExpireDuration (default 0.1)
Optional labels to add to metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.extraLabel='instance="foo"' adds instance="foo" label to all the metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Optional HTTP request header to send to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.header='Authorization: Basic foobar' adds 'Authorization: Basic foobar' header to every request to every -pushmetrics.url
Optional URL to push metrics exposed at /metrics page. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#push-metrics . By default, metrics exposed at /metrics page aren't pushed to any remote storage
Optional path to a file with relabeling rules, which are applied to all the ingested metrics. The path can point either to local file or to http url. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#relabeling for details. The config is reloaded on SIGHUP signal
Replication factor for the ingested data, i.e. how many copies to make among distinct -storageNode instances. Note that vmselect must run with -dedup.minScrapeInterval=1ms for data de-duplication when replicationFactor is greater than 1. Higher values for -dedup.minScrapeInterval at vmselect is OK (default 1)
Whether to sort labels for incoming samples before writing them to storage. This may be needed for reducing memory usage at storage when the order of labels in incoming samples is random. For example, if m{k1="v1",k2="v2"} may be sent as m{k2="v2",k1="v1"}. Enabled sorting for labels can slow down ingestion performance a bit
Comma-separated addresses of vmstorage nodes; usage: -storageNode=vmstorage-host1,...,vmstorage-hostN . Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics supports automatic discovery of vmstorage addresses via dns+srv records. For example, -storageNode=dns+srv:vmstorage.addrs . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery
Interval for refreshing -storageNode list behind dns+srv records. The minimum supported interval is 1s. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html (default 2s)
An optional regexp filter for discovered -storageNode addresses according to https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery. Discovered addresses matching the filter are retained, while other addresses are ignored. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to enable TLS for incoming HTTP requests at the given -httpListenAddr (aka https). -tlsCertFile and -tlsKeyFile must be set if -tls is set. See also -mtls
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-tlsCertFile array
Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Optional list of TLS cipher suites for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants
Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-tlsMinVersion array
Optional minimum TLS version to use for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Whether to replace characters unsupported by Prometheus with underscores in the ingested metric names and label names. For example, foo.bar{a.b='c'} is transformed into foo_bar{a_b='c'} during data ingestion if this flag is set. See https://prometheus.io/docs/concepts/data_model/#metric-names-and-labels
Timeout for establishing RPC connections from vminsert to vmstorage. See also -vmstorageUserTimeout (default 3s)
-vmstorageUserTimeout duration
Network timeout for RPC connections from vminsert to vmstorage (Linux only). Lower values speed up re-rerouting recovery when some of vmstorage nodes become unavailable because of networking issues. Read more about TCP_USER_TIMEOUT at https://blog.cloudflare.com/when-tcp-sockets-refuse-to-die/ . See also -vmstorageDialTimeout (default 3s)
The number of cache misses before putting the block into cache. Higher values may reduce indexdb/dataBlocks cache size at the cost of higher CPU and disk read usage (default 2)
Items are removed from in-memory caches after they aren't accessed for this duration. Lower values may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -prevCacheRemovalPercent (default 30m0s)
Whether to use TLS for connections to -storageNode. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to TLS CA file to use for verifying certificates provided by -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. By default system CA is used. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to client-side TLS certificate file to use when connecting to -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to skip verification of TLS certificates provided by -storageNode nodes if -cluster.tls flag is set. Note that disabled TLS certificate verification breaks security. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to client-side TLS key file to use when connecting to -storageNode if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to disable compression of the data sent to vmselect via -clusternativeListenAddr. This reduces CPU usage at the cost of higher network bandwidth usage
The maximum number of concurrent vmselect requests the server can process at -clusternativeListenAddr. It shouldn't be high, since a single request usually saturates a CPU core at the underlying vmstorage nodes, and many concurrently executed requests may require high amounts of memory. See also -clusternative.maxQueueDuration (default 32)
The maximum time the incoming query to -clusternativeListenAddr waits for execution when -clusternative.maxConcurrentRequests limit is reached (default 10s)
Whether to use TLS when accepting connections at -clusternativeListenAddr. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to TLS CA file to use for verifying certificates provided by vmselect, which connects at -clusternativeListenAddr if -clusternative.tls flag is set. By default system CA is used. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to server-side TLS certificate file to use when accepting connections at -clusternativeListenAddr if -clusternative.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Optional list of TLS cipher suites used for connections at -clusternativeListenAddr if -clusternative.tls flag is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to skip verification of TLS certificates provided by vmselect, which connects to -clusternativeListenAddr if -clusternative.tls flag is set. Note that disabled TLS certificate verification breaks security. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to server-side TLS key file to use when accepting connections at -clusternativeListenAddr if -clusternative.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
TCP address to listen for requests from other vmselect nodes in multi-level cluster setup. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#multi-level-cluster-setup . Usually :8401 should be set to match default vmstorage port for vmselect. Disabled work if empty
Leave only the last sample in every time series per each discrete interval equal to -dedup.minScrapeInterval > 0. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#deduplication for details
authKey for metrics' deletion via /prometheus/api/v1/admin/tsdb/delete_series and /graphite/tags/delSeries
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -deleteAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -deleteAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -deleteAuthKey=http://host/path or -deleteAuthKey=https://host/path
Comma-separated downsampling periods in the format 'offset:period'. For example, '30d:10m' instructs to leave a single sample per 10 minutes for samples older than 30 days. When setting multiple downsampling periods, it is necessary for the periods to be multiples of each other. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#downsampling for details. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to enable reading flags from environment variables in addition to the command line. Command line flag values have priority over values from environment vars. Flags are read only from the command line if this flag isn't set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#environment-variables for more details
Deprecated, please use -license or -licenseFile flags instead. By specifying this flag, you confirm that you have an enterprise license and accept the ESA https://victoriametrics.com/legal/esa/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
-filestream.disableFadvise
Whether to disable fadvise() syscall when reading large data files. The fadvise() syscall prevents from eviction of recently accessed data from OS page cache during background merges and backups. In some rare cases it is better to disable the syscall if it uses too much CPU
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -flagsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -flagsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -flagsAuthKey=http://host/path or -flagsAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to use pread() instead of mmap() for reading data files. By default, mmap() is used for 64-bit arches and pread() is used for 32-bit arches, since they cannot read data files bigger than 2^32 bytes in memory. mmap() is usually faster for reading small data chunks than pread()
Incoming connections to -httpListenAddr are closed after the configured timeout. This may help evenly spreading load among a cluster of services behind TCP-level load balancer. Zero value disables closing of incoming connections (default 2m0s)
The maximum duration for a graceful shutdown of the HTTP server. A highly loaded server may require increased value for a graceful shutdown (default 7s)
An optional prefix to add to all the paths handled by http server. For example, if '-http.pathPrefix=/foo/bar' is set, then all the http requests will be handled on '/foo/bar/*' paths. This may be useful for proxied requests. See https://www.robustperception.io/using-external-urls-and-proxies-with-prometheus
Optional delay before http server shutdown. During this delay, the server returns non-OK responses from /health page, so load balancers can route new requests to other servers
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -httpAuth.password=file:///abs/path/to/file or -httpAuth.password=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -httpAuth.password=http://host/path or -httpAuth.password=https://host/path
Address to listen for incoming http requests. See also -httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol array
Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at the given -httpListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt . With enabled proxy protocol http server cannot serve regular /metrics endpoint. Use -pushmetrics.url for metrics pushing
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
The expiry duration for caches for interned strings. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringMaxLen and -internStringDisableCache (default 6m0s)
Whether to disable caches for interned strings. This may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringCacheExpireDuration and -internStringMaxLen
The maximum length for strings to intern. A lower limit may save memory at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringDisableCache and -internStringCacheExpireDuration (default 500)
Lisense key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed via file specified by -licenseFile command-line flag
Whether to enable offline verification for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise license key, which has been passed either via -license or via -licenseFile command-line flag. The issued license key must support offline verification feature. Contact info@victoriametrics.com if you need offline license verification. This flag is avilable only in Enterprise binaries
Path to file with license key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed inline via -license command-line flag
Per-second limit on the number of ERROR messages. If more than the given number of errors are emitted per second, the remaining errors are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
The maximum length of a single logged argument. Longer arguments are replaced with 'arg_start..arg_end', where 'arg_start' and 'arg_end' is prefix and suffix of the arg with the length not exceeding -loggerMaxArgLen / 2 (default 1000)
Timezone to use for timestamps in logs. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 or Local (default "UTC")
Per-second limit on the number of WARN messages. If more than the given number of warns are emitted per second, then the remaining warns are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
Allowed size of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. This option overrides -memory.allowedPercent if set to a non-zero value. Too low a value may increase the cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache resulting in higher disk IO usage
Allowed percent of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. See also -memory.allowedBytes. Too low a value may increase cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache which will result in higher disk IO usage (default 60)
Whether to expose TYPE and HELP metadata at the /metrics page, which is exposed at -httpListenAddr . The metadata may be needed when the /metrics page is consumed by systems, which require this information. For example, Managed Prometheus in Google Cloud - https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/docs/managed-prometheus/troubleshooting#missing-metric-type
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -metricsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -metricsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -metricsAuthKey=http://host/path or -metricsAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to require valid client certificate for https requests to the corresponding -httpListenAddr . This flag works only if -tls flag is set. See also -mtlsCAFile . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-mtlsCAFile array
Optional path to TLS Root CA for verifying client certificates at the corresponding -httpListenAddr when -mtls is enabled. By default the host system TLS Root CA is used for client certificate verification. This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -pprofAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -pprofAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -pprofAuthKey=http://host/path or -pprofAuthKey=https://host/path
Items in the previous caches are removed when the percent of requests it serves becomes lower than this value. Higher values reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -cacheExpireDuration (default 0.1)
Optional labels to add to metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.extraLabel='instance="foo"' adds instance="foo" label to all the metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Optional HTTP request header to send to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.header='Authorization: Basic foobar' adds 'Authorization: Basic foobar' header to every request to every -pushmetrics.url
Optional URL to push metrics exposed at /metrics page. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#push-metrics . By default, metrics exposed at /metrics page aren't pushed to any remote storage
How many copies of every time series is available on the provided -storageNode nodes. vmselect continues returning full responses when up to replicationFactor-1 vmstorage nodes are temporarily unavailable during querying. See also -search.skipSlowReplicas (default 1)
The maximum duration since the current time for response data, which is always queried from the original raw data, without using the response cache. Increase this value if you see gaps in responses due to time synchronization issues between VictoriaMetrics and data sources (default 5m0s)
Whether to deny partial responses if a part of -storageNode instances fail to perform queries; this trades availability over consistency; see also -search.maxQueryDuration
Whether to disable response caching. This may be useful when ingesting historical data. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#backfilling . See also -search.resetRollupResultCacheOnStartup
The interval between datapoints stored in the database. It is used at Graphite Render API handler for normalizing the interval between datapoints in case it isn't normalized. It can be overridden by sending 'storage_step' query arg to /render API or by sending the desired interval via 'Storage-Step' http header during querying /render API (default 10s)
Whether to ignore match[], extra_filters[] and extra_label query args at /api/v1/labels and /api/v1/label/.../values . This may be useful for decreasing load on VictoriaMetrics when extra filters match too many time series. The downside is that suprflouos labels or series could be returned, which do not match the extra filters. See also -search.maxLabelsAPISeries and -search.maxLabelsAPIDuration
The time when data points become visible in query results after the collection. It can be overridden on per-query basis via latency_offset arg. Too small value can result in incomplete last points for query results (default 30s)
Log query and increment vm_memory_intensive_queries_total metric each time the query requires more memory than specified by this flag. This may help detecting and optimizing heavy queries. Query logging is disabled by default. See also -search.logSlowQueryDuration and -search.maxMemoryPerQuery
The maximum number of concurrent search requests. It shouldn't be high, since a single request can saturate all the CPU cores, while many concurrently executed requests may require high amounts of memory. See also -search.maxQueueDuration and -search.maxMemoryPerQuery (default 16)
The maximum number of time series, which can be scanned during queries to Graphite Render API. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#graphite-render-api-usage (default 300000)
The maximum number of tag keys returned from Graphite API, which returns tags. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#graphite-tags-api-usage (default 100000)
The maximum number of tag values returned from Graphite API, which returns tag values. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#graphite-tags-api-usage (default 100000)
The maximum duration for /api/v1/labels, /api/v1/label/.../values and /api/v1/series requests. See also -search.maxLabelsAPISeries and -search.ignoreExtraFiltersAtLabelsAPI (default 5s)
The maximum number of time series, which could be scanned when searching for the the matching time series at /api/v1/labels and /api/v1/label/.../values. This option allows limiting memory usage and CPU usage. See also -search.maxLabelsAPIDuration, -search.maxTagKeys, -search.maxTagValues and -search.ignoreExtraFiltersAtLabelsAPI (default 1000000)
Synonym to -search.lookback-delta from Prometheus. The value is dynamically detected from interval between time series datapoints if not set. It can be overridden on per-query basis via max_lookback arg. See also '-search.maxStalenessInterval' flag, which has the same meaning due to historical reasons
The maximum amounts of memory a single query may consume. Queries requiring more memory are rejected. The total memory limit for concurrently executed queries can be estimated as -search.maxMemoryPerQuery multiplied by -search.maxConcurrentRequests . See also -search.logQueryMemoryUsage
The maximum points per a single timeseries returned from /api/v1/query_range. This option doesn't limit the number of scanned raw samples in the database. The main purpose of this option is to limit the number of per-series points returned to graphing UI such as VMUI or Grafana. There is no sense in setting this limit to values bigger than the horizontal resolution of the graph. See also -search.maxResponseSeries (default 30000)
The maximum number of points per series, which can be generated by subquery. See https://valyala.medium.com/prometheus-subqueries-in-victoriametrics-9b1492b720b3 (default 100000)
The maximum number of time series which can be returned from /api/v1/query and /api/v1/query_range . The limit is disabled if it equals to 0. See also -search.maxPointsPerTimeseries and -search.maxUniqueTimeseries
The maximum number of raw samples a single query can process across all time series. This protects from heavy queries, which select unexpectedly high number of raw samples. See also -search.maxSamplesPerSeries (default 1000000000)
The maximum interval for staleness calculations. By default, it is automatically calculated from the median interval between samples. This flag could be useful for tuning Prometheus data model closer to Influx-style data model. See https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/querying/basics/#staleness for details. See also '-search.setLookbackToStep' flag
The maximum step when /api/v1/query_range handler adjusts points with timestamps closer than -search.latencyOffset to the current time. The adjustment is needed because such points may contain incomplete data (default 1m0s)
The maximum number of time series, which can be processed during the call to /api/v1/status/tsdb. This option allows limiting memory usage (default 10000000)
The maximum number of unique time series, which can be selected during /api/v1/query and /api/v1/query_range queries. This option allows limiting memory usage (default 300000)
The maximum number of CPU cores a single query can use. The default value should work good for most cases. The flag can be set to lower values for improving performance of big number of concurrently executed queries. The flag can be set to bigger values for improving performance of heavy queries, which scan big number of time series (>10K) and/or big number of samples (>100M). There is no sense in setting this flag to values bigger than the number of CPU cores available on the system (default 16)
The minimum interval for staleness calculations. This flag could be useful for removing gaps on graphs generated from time series with irregular intervals between samples. See also '-search.maxStalenessInterval'
-search.minWindowForInstantRollupOptimization value
Enable cache-based optimization for repeated queries to /api/v1/query (aka instant queries), which contain rollup functions with lookbehind window exceeding the given value
The following optional suffixes are supported: s (second), m (minute), h (hour), d (day), w (week), y (year). If suffix isn't set, then the duration is counted in months (default 3h)
Set this flag to true if the database doesn't contain Prometheus stale markers, so there is no need in spending additional CPU time on its handling. Staleness markers may exist only in data obtained from Prometheus scrape targets
The minimum duration for queries to track in query stats at /api/v1/status/top_queries. Queries with lower duration are ignored in query stats (default 1ms)
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -search.resetCacheAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -search.resetCacheAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -search.resetCacheAuthKey=http://host/path or -search.resetCacheAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to fix lookback interval to 'step' query arg value. If set to true, the query model becomes closer to InfluxDB data model. If set to true, then -search.maxLookback and -search.maxStalenessInterval are ignored
Whether to skip -replicationFactor - 1 slowest vmstorage nodes during querying. Enabling this setting may improve query speed, but it could also lead to incomplete results if some queried data has less than -replicationFactor copies at vmstorage nodes. Consider enabling this setting only if all the queried data contains -replicationFactor copies in the cluster
Whether to treat dots as is in regexp label filters used in queries. For example, foo{bar=~"a.b.c"} will be automatically converted to foo{bar=~"a\\.b\\.c"}, i.e. all the dots in regexp filters will be automatically escaped in order to match only dot char instead of matching any char. Dots in ".+", ".*" and ".{n}" regexps aren't escaped. This option is DEPRECATED in favor of {__graphite__="a.*.c"} syntax for selecting metrics matching the given Graphite metrics filter
Comma-separated addresses of vmstorage nodes; usage: -storageNode=vmstorage-host1,...,vmstorage-hostN . Enterprise version of VictoriaMetrics supports automatic discovery of vmstorage addresses via dns+srv records. For example, -storageNode=dns+srv:vmstorage.addrs . See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery
Interval for refreshing -storageNode list behind dns+srv records. The minimum supported interval is 1s. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html (default 2s)
An optional regexp filter for discovered -storageNode addresses according to https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#automatic-vmstorage-discovery. Discovered addresses matching the filter are retained, while other addresses are ignored. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to enable TLS for incoming HTTP requests at the given -httpListenAddr (aka https). -tlsCertFile and -tlsKeyFile must be set if -tls is set. See also -mtls
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-tlsCertFile array
Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Optional list of TLS cipher suites for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants
Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-tlsMinVersion array
Optional minimum TLS version to use for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Optional URL for proxying requests to vmalert. For example, if -vmalert.proxyURL=http://vmalert:8880 , then alerting API requests such as /api/v1/rules from Grafana will be proxied to http://vmalert:8880/api/v1/rules
Timeout for establishing RPC connections from vmselect to vmstorage. See also -vmstorageUserTimeout (default 3s)
-vmstorageUserTimeout duration
Network timeout for RPC connections from vmselect to vmstorage (Linux only). Lower values reduce the maximum query durations when some vmstorage nodes become unavailable because of networking issues. Read more about TCP_USER_TIMEOUT at https://blog.cloudflare.com/when-tcp-sockets-refuse-to-die/ . See also -vmstorageDialTimeout (default 3s)
The number of cache misses before putting the block into cache. Higher values may reduce indexdb/dataBlocks cache size at the cost of higher CPU and disk read usage (default 2)
Items are removed from in-memory caches after they aren't accessed for this duration. Lower values may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -prevCacheRemovalPercent (default 30m0s)
Whether to use TLS when accepting connections from vminsert and vmselect. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to TLS CA file to use for verifying certificates provided by vminsert and vmselect if -cluster.tls flag is set. By default system CA is used. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to server-side TLS certificate file to use when accepting connections from vminsert and vmselect if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Optional list of TLS cipher suites used for connections from vminsert and vmselect if -cluster.tls flag is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to skip verification of TLS certificates provided by vminsert and vmselect if -cluster.tls flag is set. Note that disabled TLS certificate verification breaks security. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Path to server-side TLS key file to use when accepting connections from vminsert and vmselect if -cluster.tls flag is set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#mtls-protection . This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Leave only the last sample in every time series per each discrete interval equal to -dedup.minScrapeInterval > 0. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#deduplication for details
Whether to deny queries outside of the configured -retentionPeriod. When set, then /api/v1/query_range would return '503 Service Unavailable' error for queries with 'from' value outside -retentionPeriod. This may be useful when multiple data sources with distinct retentions are hidden behind query-tee
Comma-separated downsampling periods in the format 'offset:period'. For example, '30d:10m' instructs to leave a single sample per 10 minutes for samples older than 30 days. When setting multiple downsampling periods, it is necessary for the periods to be multiples of each other. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#downsampling for details. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to enable reading flags from environment variables in addition to the command line. Command line flag values have priority over values from environment vars. Flags are read only from the command line if this flag isn't set. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#environment-variables for more details
Deprecated, please use -license or -licenseFile flags instead. By specifying this flag, you confirm that you have an enterprise license and accept the ESA https://victoriametrics.com/legal/esa/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Whether to disable fadvise() syscall when reading large data files. The fadvise() syscall prevents from eviction of recently accessed data from OS page cache during background merges and backups. In some rare cases it is better to disable the syscall if it uses too much CPU
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -flagsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -flagsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -flagsAuthKey=http://host/path or -flagsAuthKey=https://host/path
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -forceFlushAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -forceFlushAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -forceFlushAuthKey=http://host/path or -forceFlushAuthKey=https://host/path
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -forceMergeAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -forceMergeAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -forceMergeAuthKey=http://host/path or -forceMergeAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to use pread() instead of mmap() for reading data files. By default, mmap() is used for 64-bit arches and pread() is used for 32-bit arches, since they cannot read data files bigger than 2^32 bytes in memory. mmap() is usually faster for reading small data chunks than pread()
Incoming connections to -httpListenAddr are closed after the configured timeout. This may help evenly spreading load among a cluster of services behind TCP-level load balancer. Zero value disables closing of incoming connections (default 2m0s)
The maximum duration for a graceful shutdown of the HTTP server. A highly loaded server may require increased value for a graceful shutdown (default 7s)
An optional prefix to add to all the paths handled by http server. For example, if '-http.pathPrefix=/foo/bar' is set, then all the http requests will be handled on '/foo/bar/*' paths. This may be useful for proxied requests. See https://www.robustperception.io/using-external-urls-and-proxies-with-prometheus
Optional delay before http server shutdown. During this delay, the server returns non-OK responses from /health page, so load balancers can route new requests to other servers
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -httpAuth.password=file:///abs/path/to/file or -httpAuth.password=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -httpAuth.password=http://host/path or -httpAuth.password=https://host/path
Address to listen for incoming http requests. See also -httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-httpListenAddr.useProxyProtocol array
Whether to use proxy protocol for connections accepted at the given -httpListenAddr . See https://www.haproxy.org/download/1.8/doc/proxy-protocol.txt . With enabled proxy protocol http server cannot serve regular /metrics endpoint. Use -pushmetrics.url for metrics pushing
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
The interval for guaranteed saving of in-memory data to disk. The saved data survives unclean shutdowns such as OOM crash, hardware reset, SIGKILL, etc. Bigger intervals may help increase the lifetime of flash storage with limited write cycles (e.g. Raspberry PI). Smaller intervals increase disk IO load. Minimum supported value is 1s (default 5s)
The expiry duration for caches for interned strings. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringMaxLen and -internStringDisableCache (default 6m0s)
Whether to disable caches for interned strings. This may reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringCacheExpireDuration and -internStringMaxLen
The maximum length for strings to intern. A lower limit may save memory at the cost of higher CPU usage. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_interning . See also -internStringDisableCache and -internStringCacheExpireDuration (default 500)
Lisense key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed via file specified by -licenseFile command-line flag
Whether to enable offline verification for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise license key, which has been passed either via -license or via -licenseFile command-line flag. The issued license key must support offline verification feature. Contact info@victoriametrics.com if you need offline license verification. This flag is avilable only in Enterprise binaries
Path to file with license key for VictoriaMetrics Enterprise. See https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/ . Trial Enterprise license can be obtained from https://victoriametrics.com/products/enterprise/trial/ . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. The license key can be also passed inline via -license command-line flag
Whether to log new series. This option is for debug purposes only. It can lead to performance issues when big number of new series are ingested into VictoriaMetrics
Per-second limit on the number of ERROR messages. If more than the given number of errors are emitted per second, the remaining errors are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
The maximum length of a single logged argument. Longer arguments are replaced with 'arg_start..arg_end', where 'arg_start' and 'arg_end' is prefix and suffix of the arg with the length not exceeding -loggerMaxArgLen / 2 (default 1000)
Timezone to use for timestamps in logs. Timezone must be a valid IANA Time Zone. For example: America/New_York, Europe/Berlin, Etc/GMT+3 or Local (default "UTC")
Per-second limit on the number of WARN messages. If more than the given number of warns are emitted per second, then the remaining warns are suppressed. Zero values disable the rate limit
The maximum number of concurrent insert requests. Default value depends on the number of CPU cores and should work for most cases since it minimizes the memory usage. The default value can be increased when clients send data over slow networks. See also -insert.maxQueueDuration
Allowed size of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. This option overrides -memory.allowedPercent if set to a non-zero value. Too low a value may increase the cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache resulting in higher disk IO usage
Allowed percent of system memory VictoriaMetrics caches may occupy. See also -memory.allowedBytes. Too low a value may increase cache miss rate usually resulting in higher CPU and disk IO usage. Too high a value may evict too much data from the OS page cache which will result in higher disk IO usage (default 60)
Whether to expose TYPE and HELP metadata at the /metrics page, which is exposed at -httpListenAddr . The metadata may be needed when the /metrics page is consumed by systems, which require this information. For example, Managed Prometheus in Google Cloud - https://cloud.google.com/stackdriver/docs/managed-prometheus/troubleshooting#missing-metric-type
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -metricsAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -metricsAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -metricsAuthKey=http://host/path or -metricsAuthKey=https://host/path
Whether to require valid client certificate for https requests to the corresponding -httpListenAddr . This flag works only if -tls flag is set. See also -mtlsCAFile . This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-mtlsCAFile array
Optional path to TLS Root CA for verifying client certificates at the corresponding -httpListenAddr when -mtls is enabled. By default the host system TLS Root CA is used for client certificate verification. This flag is available only in Enterprise binaries. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -pprofAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -pprofAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -pprofAuthKey=http://host/path or -pprofAuthKey=https://host/path
Items in the previous caches are removed when the percent of requests it serves becomes lower than this value. Higher values reduce memory usage at the cost of higher CPU usage. See also -cacheExpireDuration (default 0.1)
Optional labels to add to metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.extraLabel='instance="foo"' adds instance="foo" label to all the metrics pushed to every -pushmetrics.url
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Optional HTTP request header to send to every -pushmetrics.url . For example, -pushmetrics.header='Authorization: Basic foobar' adds 'Authorization: Basic foobar' header to every request to every -pushmetrics.url
Optional URL to push metrics exposed at /metrics page. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#push-metrics . By default, metrics exposed at /metrics page aren't pushed to any remote storage
Retention filter in the format 'filter:retention'. For example, '{env="dev"}:3d' configures the retention for time series with env="dev" label to 3 days. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#retention-filters for details. This flag is available only in VictoriaMetrics enterprise. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise.html
The following optional suffixes are supported: s (second), m (minute), h (hour), d (day), w (week), y (year). If suffix isn't set, then the duration is counted in months (default 1)
The offset for performing indexdb rotation. If set to 0, then the indexdb rotation is performed at 4am UTC time per each -retentionPeriod. If set to 2h, then the indexdb rotation is performed at 4am EET time (the timezone with +2h offset)
The maximum number of concurrent vmselect requests the vmstorage can process at -vmselectAddr. It shouldn't be high, since a single request usually saturates a CPU core, and many concurrently executed requests may require high amounts of memory. See also -search.maxQueueDuration (default 32)
The maximum number of unique time series, which can be scanned during every query. This allows protecting against heavy queries, which select unexpectedly high number of series. Zero means 'no limit'. See also -search.max* command-line flags at vmselect
Flag value can be read from the given file when using -snapshotAuthKey=file:///abs/path/to/file or -snapshotAuthKey=file://./relative/path/to/file . Flag value can be read from the given http/https url when using -snapshotAuthKey=http://host/path or -snapshotAuthKey=https://host/path
Automatically delete snapshots older than -snapshotsMaxAge if it is set to non-zero duration. Make sure that backup process has enough time to finish the backup before the corresponding snapshot is automatically deleted
The following optional suffixes are supported: s (second), m (minute), h (hour), d (day), w (week), y (year). If suffix isn't set, then the duration is counted in months (default 0)
The maximum number of unique series can be added to the storage during the last 24 hours. Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series churn rate. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#cardinality-limiter . See also -storage.maxHourlySeries
The maximum number of unique series can be added to the storage during the last hour. Excess series are logged and dropped. This can be useful for limiting series cardinality. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/#cardinality-limiter . See also -storage.maxDailySeries
The time needed for gradual closing of vminsert connections during graceful shutdown. Bigger duration reduces spikes in CPU, RAM and disk IO load on the remaining vmstorage nodes during rolling restart. Smaller duration reduces the time needed to close all the vminsert connections, thus reducing the time for graceful shutdown. See https://docs.victoriametrics.com/Cluster-VictoriaMetrics.html#improving-re-routing-performance-during-restart (default 25s)
Whether to enable TLS for incoming HTTP requests at the given -httpListenAddr (aka https). -tlsCertFile and -tlsKeyFile must be set if -tls is set. See also -mtls
Supports array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Empty values are set to false.
-tlsCertFile array
Path to file with TLS certificate for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Prefer ECDSA certs instead of RSA certs as RSA certs are slower. The provided certificate file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
Optional list of TLS cipher suites for incoming requests over HTTPS if -tls is set. See the list of supported cipher suites at https://pkg.go.dev/crypto/tls#pkg-constants
Path to file with TLS key for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. The provided key file is automatically re-read every second, so it can be dynamically updated
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
-tlsMinVersion array
Optional minimum TLS version to use for the corresponding -httpListenAddr if -tls is set. Supported values: TLS10, TLS11, TLS12, TLS13
Supports an array of values separated by comma or specified via multiple flags.
Value can contain comma inside single-quoted or double-quoted string, {}, [] and () braces.
[Zip](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/VM_logo.zip) contains three folders with different image orientation (main color and inverted version).
