VictoriaMetrics/docs/guides/k8s-monitoring-via-vm-cluster.md

Kubernetes monitoring with VictoriaMetrics Cluster

This guide covers:

• The setup of a VictoriaMetrics cluster in Kubernetes via Helm charts
• How to scrape metrics from k8s components using service discovery
• How to visualize stored data
• How to store metrics in VictoriaMetrics tsdb

Precondition

We will use:

• Kubernetes cluster 1.19.9-gke.1900

We use GKE cluster from GCP but this guide also applies on any Kubernetes cluster. For example Amazon EKS.

• Helm 3
• kubectl 1.21

1. VictoriaMetrics Helm repository

For this guide we will use Helm 3 but if you already use Helm 2 please see this https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/helm-charts#for-helm-v2

You need to add the VictoriaMetrics Helm repository to install VictoriaMetrics components. We’re going to use VictoriaMetrics Cluster. You can do this by running the following command:

helm repo add vm https://victoriametrics.github.io/helm-charts/

Update Helm repositories:

helm repo update

To verify that everything is set up correctly you may run this command:

helm search repo vm/

The expected output is:

NAME                         	CHART VERSION	APP VERSION	DESCRIPTION                                       
vm/victoria-metrics-agent    	0.7.20       	v1.62.0    	Victoria Metrics Agent - collects metrics from ...
vm/victoria-metrics-alert    	0.3.34       	v1.62.0    	Victoria Metrics Alert - executes a list of giv...
vm/victoria-metrics-auth     	0.2.23       	1.62.0     	Victoria Metrics Auth - is a simple auth proxy ...
vm/victoria-metrics-cluster  	0.8.32       	1.62.0     	Victoria Metrics Cluster version - high-perform...
vm/victoria-metrics-k8s-stack	0.2.9        	1.16.0     	Kubernetes monitoring on VictoriaMetrics stack....
vm/victoria-metrics-operator 	0.1.17       	0.16.0     	Victoria Metrics Operator                         
vm/victoria-metrics-single   	0.7.5        	1.62.0     	Victoria Metrics Single version - high-performa...

2. Install VictoriaMetrics Cluster from the Helm chart

Run this command in your terminal:

cat <<EOF | helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster -f -
vmselect:
  podAnnotations:
      prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
      prometheus.io/port: "8481"

vminsert:
  podAnnotations:
      prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
      prometheus.io/port: "8480"

vmstorage:
  podAnnotations:
      prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
      prometheus.io/port: "8482"
EOF     

• By running Helm install vmcluster vm/victoria-metrics-cluster we install VictoriaMetrics cluster to default namespace inside your cluster.
• By adding podAnnotations: prometheus.io/scrape: "true" we enable the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods.
• By adding podAnnotations:prometheus.io/port: "some_port" we enable the scraping of metrics from the vmselect, vminsert and vmstorage pods from their ports as well.

As a result of this command you will see the following output:

NAME: vmcluster
LAST DEPLOYED: Thu Jul  1 09:41:57 2021
NAMESPACE: default
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
TEST SUITE: None
NOTES:
Write API:

The Victoria Metrics write api can be accessed via port 8480 with the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local

Get the Victoria Metrics insert service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
  export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vminsert" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8480

You need to update your Prometheus configuration file and add the following lines to it:

prometheus.yml

    remote_write:
      - url: "http://<insert-service>/insert/0/prometheus/"



for example -  inside the Kubernetes cluster:

    remote_write:
      - url: "http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/"
Read API:

The VictoriaMetrics read api can be accessed via port 8481 with the following DNS name from within your cluster:
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local

Get the VictoriaMetrics select service URL by running these commands in the same shell:
  export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app=vmselect" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")
  kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 8481

You will need to specify select service URL in your Grafana:
 NOTE: you need to use Prometheus Data Source

Input this URL field in Grafana

    http://<select-service>/select/0/prometheus/


for example - inside the Kubernetes cluster:

    http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local:8481/select/0/prometheus/"

For us it’s important to remember the url for the datasource (copy lines from the output).

Verify that VictoriaMetrics cluster pods are up and running by executing the following command:

kubectl get pods

The expected output is:

NAME                                                           READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-689cbc8f55-95szg   1/1     Running   0          16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert-689cbc8f55-f852l   1/1     Running   0          16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-977d74cdf-bbgp5    1/1     Running   0          16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect-977d74cdf-vzp6z    1/1     Running   0          16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-0                 1/1     Running   0          16m
vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmstorage-1                 1/1     Running   0          16m

3. Install vmagent from the Helm chart

To scrape metrics from Kubernetes with a VictoriaMetrics cluster we need to install vmagent with additional configuration. To do so, please run these commands in your terminal:

helm install vmagent vm/victoria-metrics-agent -f https://docs.victoriametrics.com/guides/guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml

Here is full file content guide-vmcluster-vmagent-values.yaml

remoteWriteUrls:
   - http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/

config:
  global:
    scrape_interval: 10s

  scrape_configs:
    - job_name: vmagent
      static_configs:
        - targets: ["localhost:8429"]
    - job_name: "kubernetes-apiservers"
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: endpoints
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      relabel_configs:
        - source_labels:
            [
              __meta_kubernetes_namespace,
              __meta_kubernetes_service_name,
              __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name,
            ]
          action: keep
          regex: default;kubernetes;https
    - job_name: "kubernetes-nodes"
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: node
      relabel_configs:
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
        - target_label: __address__
          replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
          regex: (.+)
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics
    - job_name: "kubernetes-nodes-cadvisor"
      scheme: https
      tls_config:
        ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
        insecure_skip_verify: true
      bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: node
      relabel_configs:
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
        - target_label: __address__
          replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
          regex: (.+)
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
      metric_relabel_configs:
        - action: replace
          source_labels: [pod]
          regex: '(.+)'
          target_label: pod_name
          replacement: '${1}'
        - action: replace
          source_labels: [container]
          regex: '(.+)'
          target_label: container_name
          replacement: '${1}'
        - action: replace
          target_label: name
          replacement: k8s_stub
        - action: replace
          source_labels: [id]
          regex: '^/system\.slice/(.+)\.service$'
          target_label: systemd_service_name
          replacement: '${1}'
    - job_name: "kubernetes-service-endpoints"
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
        - action: drop
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
          regex: true
        - action: keep_if_equal
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
          action: replace
          target_label: __scheme__
          regex: (https?)
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
          action: replace
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          regex: (.+)
        - source_labels:
            [
              __address__,
              __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port,
            ]
          action: replace
          target_label: __address__
          regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
          replacement: $1:$2
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_name
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_node
    - job_name: "kubernetes-service-endpoints-slow"
      scrape_interval: 5m
      scrape_timeout: 30s
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
        - action: drop
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
          regex: true
        - action: keep_if_equal
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape_slow]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
          action: replace
          target_label: __scheme__
          regex: (https?)
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
          action: replace
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          regex: (.+)
        - source_labels:
            [
              __address__,
              __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port,
            ]
          action: replace
          target_label: __address__
          regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
          replacement: $1:$2
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_name
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_node_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_node
    - job_name: "kubernetes-services"
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module: [http_2xx]
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: service
      relabel_configs:
        - source_labels:
            [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels: [__address__]
          target_label: __param_target
        - target_label: __address__
          replacement: blackbox
        - source_labels: [__param_target]
          target_label: instance
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
          target_label: kubernetes_name
    - job_name: "kubernetes-pods"
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
        - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
        - action: drop
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_init]
          regex: true
        - action: keep_if_equal
          source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port, __meta_kubernetes_pod_container_port_number]
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
          action: keep
          regex: true
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
          action: replace
          target_label: __metrics_path__
          regex: (.+)
        - source_labels:
            [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
          action: replace
          regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
          replacement: $1:$2
          target_label: __address__
        - action: labelmap
          regex: __meta_kubernetes_pod_label_(.+)
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_namespace
        - source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_pod_name]
          action: replace
          target_label: kubernetes_pod_name

• By adding remoteWriteUrls: - http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vminsert.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/ we configuring vmagent to write scraped metrics into the vmselect service.
• The second part of this yaml file is needed to add the metric_relabel_configs section that helps us to show Kubernetes metrics on the Grafana dashboard.

Verify that vmagent's pod is up and running by executing the following command:

kubectl get pods | grep vmagent

The expected output is:

vmagent-victoria-metrics-agent-69974b95b4-mhjph                1/1     Running   0          11m

4. Install and connect Grafana to VictoriaMetrics with Helm

Add the Grafana Helm repository.

helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
helm repo update

See more information on Grafana ArtifactHUB https://artifacthub.io/packages/helm/grafana/grafana

To install the chart with the release name my-grafana, add the VictoriaMetrics datasource with official dashboard and the Kubernetes dashboard:

cat <<EOF | helm install my-grafana grafana/grafana -f -
  datasources:
    datasources.yaml:
      apiVersion: 1
      datasources:
        - name: victoriametrics
          type: prometheus
          orgId: 1
          url: http://vmcluster-victoria-metrics-cluster-vmselect.default.svc.cluster.local:8481/select/0/prometheus/
          access: proxy
          isDefault: true
          updateIntervalSeconds: 10
          editable: true

  dashboardProviders:
   dashboardproviders.yaml:
     apiVersion: 1
     providers:
     - name: 'default'
       orgId: 1
       folder: ''
       type: file
       disableDeletion: true
       editable: true
       options:
         path: /var/lib/grafana/dashboards/default

  dashboards:
    default:
      victoriametrics:
        gnetId: 11176
        revision: 18
        datasource: victoriametrics
      vmagent:
        gnetId: 12683
        revision: 7
        datasource: victoriametrics
      kubernetes:
        gnetId: 14205
        revision: 1
        datasource: victoriametrics
EOF

By running this command we:

• Install Grafana from the Helm repository.
• Provision a VictoriaMetrics data source with the url from the output above which we remembered.
• Add this https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/11176 dashboard for VictoriaMetrics Cluster.
• Add this https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/12683 dashboard for VictoriaMetrics Agent.
• Add this https://grafana.com/grafana/dashboards/14205 dashboard to see Kubernetes cluster metrics.

Please see the output log in your terminal. Copy, paste and run these commands. The first one will show admin password for the Grafana admin. The second and the third will forward Grafana to 127.0.0.1:3000:

kubectl get secret --namespace default my-grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode ; echo

export POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods --namespace default -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/instance=my-grafana" -o jsonpath="{.items[0].metadata.name}")

kubectl --namespace default port-forward $POD_NAME 3000

5. Check the result you obtained in your browser

To check that VictoriaMetrics collects metrics from k8s cluster open in browser http://127.0.0.1:3000/dashboards and choose the Kubernetes Cluster Monitoring (via Prometheus) dashboard. Use admin for login and password that you previously got from kubectl.

You will see something like this:

The VictoriaMetrics dashboard is also available to use:

vmagent has it’s own dashboard:

6. Final thoughts

• We set up TimeSeries Database for your Kubernetes cluster.
• We collected metrics from all running pods,nodes, … and stored them in a VictoriaMetrics database.
• We visualized resources used in the Kubernetes cluster by using Grafana dashboards.