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413 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
---
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weight: 2
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title: VMAlert
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menu:
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docs:
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identifier: operator-cr-vmalert
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parent: operator-cr
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weight: 2
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aliases:
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- /operator/resources/vmalert/
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- /operator/resources/vmalert/index.html
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---
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`VMAlert` - executes a list of given [alerting](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/alerting_rules/)
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or [recording](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/recording_rules/) rules against configured address.
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The `VMAlert` CRD declaratively defines a desired [VMAlert](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/app/vmalert)
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setup to run in a Kubernetes cluster.
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It has few required config options - `datasource` and `notifier` are required, for other config parameters
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check [doc](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/api#vmalert).
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For each `VMAlert` resource, the Operator deploys a properly configured `Deployment` in the same namespace.
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The VMAlert `Pod`s are configured to mount a list of `Configmaps` prefixed with `<VMAlert-name>-number` containing
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the configuration for alerting rules.
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For each `VMAlert` resource, the Operator adds `Service` and `VMServiceScrape` in the same namespace prefixed with
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name `<VMAlert-name>`.
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## Specification
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You can see the full actual specification of the `VMAlert` resource in the **[API docs -> VMAlert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/api#vmalert)**.
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If you can't find necessary field in the specification of the custom resource,
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see [Extra arguments section](./#extra-arguments).
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Also, you can check out the [examples](#examples) section.
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## Rules
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The CRD specifies which `VMRule`s should be covered by the deployed `VMAlert` instances based on label selection.
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The Operator then generates a configuration based on the included `VMRule`s and updates the `Configmaps` containing
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the configuration. It continuously does so for all changes that are made to `VMRule`s or to the `VMAlert` resource itself.
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Alerting rules are filtered by selectors `ruleNamespaceSelector` and `ruleSelector` in `VMAlert` CRD definition.
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For selecting rules from all namespaces you must specify it to empty value:
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```yaml
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spec:
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ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
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```
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[VMRule](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/resources/vmrule) objects generate part of `VMAlert` configuration.
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For filtering rules `VMAlert` uses selectors `ruleNamespaceSelector` and `ruleSelector`.
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It allows configuring rules access control across namespaces and different environments.
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Specification of selectors you can see in [this doc](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.27/#labelselector-v1-meta).
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In addition to the above selectors, the filtering of objects in a cluster is affected by the field `selectAllByDefault` of `VMAlert` spec and environment variable `WATCH_NAMESPACE` for operator.
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Following rules are applied:
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- If `ruleNamespaceSelector` and `ruleSelector` both undefined, then by default select nothing. With option set - `spec.selectAllByDefault: true`, select all vmrules.
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- If `ruleNamespaceSelector` defined, `ruleSelector` undefined, then all vmrules are matching at namespaces for given `ruleNamespaceSelector`.
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- If `ruleNamespaceSelector` undefined, `ruleSelector` defined, then all vmrules at `VMAlert`'s namespaces are matching for given `ruleSelector`.
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- If `ruleNamespaceSelector` and `ruleSelector` both defined, then only vmrules at namespaces matched `ruleNamespaceSelector` for given `ruleSelector` are matching.
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Here's a more visual and more detailed view:
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| `ruleNamespaceSelector` | `ruleSelector` | `selectAllByDefault` | `WATCH_NAMESPACE` | Selected rules |
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|-------------------------|----------------|----------------------|-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| undefined | undefined | false | undefined | nothing |
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| undefined | undefined | **true** | undefined | all vmrules in the cluster |
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| **defined** | undefined | *any* | undefined | all vmrules are matching at namespaces for given `ruleNamespaceSelector` |
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| undefined | **defined** | *any* | undefined | all vmrules only at `VMAlert`'s namespace are matching for given `ruleSelector` |
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| **defined** | **defined** | *any* | undefined | all vmrules only at namespaces matched `ruleNamespaceSelector` for given `ruleSelector` are matching |
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| *any* | undefined | *any* | **defined** | all vmrules only at `VMAlert`'s namespace |
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| *any* | **defined** | *any* | **defined** | all vmrules only at `VMAlert`'s namespace for given `ruleSelector` are matching |
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More details about `WATCH_NAMESPACE` variable you can read in [this doc](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/configuration#namespaced-mode).
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Here are some examples of `VMAlert` configuration with selectors:
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```yaml
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# select all rule objects in the cluster
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: vmalert-select-all
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spec:
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# ...
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selectAllByDefault: true
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---
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# select all rule objects in specific namespace (my-namespace)
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: vmalert-select-ns
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spec:
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# ...
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ruleNamespaceSelector:
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matchLabels:
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kubernetes.io/metadata.name: my-namespace
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```
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## High availability
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`VMAlert` can be launched with multiple replicas without an additional configuration as far [alertmanager](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/resources/vmalertmanager) is responsible for alert deduplication.
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Note, if you want to use `VMAlert` with high-available [`VMAlertmanager`](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/resources/vmalertmanager), which has more than 1 replica.
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You have to specify all pod fqdns at `VMAlert.spec.notifiers.[url]`. Or you can use service discovery for notifier, examples:
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- alertmanager:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Secret
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metadata:
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name: vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager
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labels:
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app: vm-operator
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type: Opaque
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stringData:
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alertmanager.yaml: |
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global:
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resolve_timeout: 5m
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route:
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group_by: ['job']
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group_wait: 30s
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group_interval: 5m
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repeat_interval: 12h
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receiver: 'webhook'
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receivers:
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- name: 'webhook'
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webhook_configs:
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- url: 'http://alertmanagerwh:30500/'
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# ...
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---
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlertmanager
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metadata:
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name: example
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namespace: default
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labels:
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usage: dedicated
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spec:
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replicaCount: 2
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configSecret: vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager
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configSelector: {}
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configNamespaceSelector: {}
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# ...
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```
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- vmalert with fqdns:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-ha
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namespace: default
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spec:
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replicaCount: 2
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datasource:
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url: http://vmsingle-example.default.svc:8429
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notifiers:
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- url: http://vmalertmanager-example-0.vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093
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- url: http://vmalertmanager-example-1.vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093
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evaluationInterval: "10s"
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ruleSelector: {}
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# ...
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```
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- vmalert with service discovery:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-ha
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namespace: default
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spec:
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replicaCount: 2
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datasource:
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url: http://vmsingle-example.default.svc:8429
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notifiers:
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- selector:
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namespaceSelector:
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matchNames:
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- default
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labelSelector:
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matchLabels:
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usage: dedicated
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evaluationInterval: "10s"
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ruleSelector: {}
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# ...
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```
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In addition, you need to specify `remoteWrite` and `remoteRead` urls for restoring alert states after restarts:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-ha
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namespace: default
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spec:
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replicaCount: 2
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evaluationInterval: "10s"
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selectAllByDefault: true
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datasource:
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url: http://vmselect-demo.vm.svc:8481/select/0/prometheus
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notifiers:
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- url: http://vmalertmanager-example-0.vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093
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- url: http://vmalertmanager-example-1.vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093
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remoteWrite:
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url: http://vminsert-demo.vm.svc:8480/insert/0/prometheus
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remoteRead:
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url: http://vmselect-demo.vm.svc:8481/select/0/prometheus
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```
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More details about `remoteWrite` and `remoteRead` you can read in [vmalert docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert/#alerts-state-on-restarts).
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## Version management
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To set `VMAlert` version add `spec.image.tag` name from [releases](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/releases)
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-vmalert
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spec:
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image:
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repository: victoriametrics/vmalert
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tag: v1.93.4
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pullPolicy: Always
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# ...
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```
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Also, you can specify `imagePullSecrets` if you are pulling images from private repo:
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-vmalert
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spec:
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image:
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repository: victoriametrics/vmalert
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tag: v1.93.4
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pullPolicy: Always
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imagePullSecrets:
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- name: my-repo-secret
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# ...
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```
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## Resource management
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You can specify resources for each `VMAlert` resource in the `spec` section of the `VMAlert` CRD.
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: vmalert-resources-example
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spec:
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# ...
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resources:
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requests:
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memory: "64Mi"
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cpu: "250m"
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limits:
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memory: "128Mi"
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cpu: "500m"
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# ...
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```
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If these parameters are not specified, then,
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by default all `VMAlert` pods have resource requests and limits from the default values of the following [operator parameters](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/configuration):
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- `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_MEM` - default memory limit for `VMAlert` pods,
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- `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_RESOURCE_LIMIT_CPU` - default memory limit for `VMAlert` pods,
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- `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_RESOURCE_REQUEST_MEM` - default memory limit for `VMAlert` pods,
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- `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_RESOURCE_REQUEST_CPU` - default memory limit for `VMAlert` pods.
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These default parameters will be used if:
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- `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_USEDEFAULTRESOURCES` is set to `true` (default value),
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- `VMAlert` CR doesn't have `resources` field in `spec` section.
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Field `resources` in `VMAlert` spec have higher priority than operator parameters.
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If you set `VM_VMALERTDEFAULT_USEDEFAULTRESOURCES` to `false` and don't specify `resources` in `VMAlert` CRD,
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then `VMAlert` pods will be created without resource requests and limits.
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Also, you can specify requests without limits - in this case default values for limits will not be used.
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## Enterprise features
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VMAlert supports features [Reading rules from object storage](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#reading-rules-from-object-storage)
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and [Multitenancy](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#multitenancy)
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from [VictoriaMetrics Enterprise](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise#victoriametrics-enterprise).
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For using Enterprise version of [vmalert](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert)
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you need to change version of `VMAlert` to version with `-enterprise` suffix using [Version management](#version-management).
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All the enterprise apps require `-eula` command-line flag to be passed to them.
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This flag acknowledges that your usage fits one of the cases listed on [this page](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/enterprise#victoriametrics-enterprise).
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So you can use [extraArgs](./#extra-arguments) for passing this flag to `VMAlert`:
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### Reading rules from object storage
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After that you can pass `-rule` command-line argument with `s3://` or `gs://`
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to `VMAlert` with [extraArgs](./#extra-arguments).
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More details about reading rules from object storage you can read in [vmalert docs](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#reading-rules-from-object-storage).
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Here are complete example for [Reading rules from object storage](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#reading-rules-from-object-storage):
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: vmalert-ent-example
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spec:
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# enabling enterprise features
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image:
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# enterprise version of vmalert
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tag: v1.93.5-enterprise
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extraArgs:
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# should be true and means that you have the legal right to run a vmalert enterprise
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# that can either be a signed contract or an email with confirmation to run the service in a trial period
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# https://victoriametrics.com/legal/esa/
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eula: true
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# using enterprise features: Reading rules from object storage
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# more details about reading rules from object storage you can read on https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#reading-rules-from-object-storage
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rule: s3://bucket/dir/alert.rules
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# ...other fields...
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```
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### Multitenancy
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After enabling enterprise version you can use [Multitenancy](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#multitenancy)
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feature in `VMAlert`.
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For that you need to set `clusterMode` commad-line flag
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with [extraArgs](./#extra-arguments)
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and specify `tenant` field for groups
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in [VMRule](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/operator/resources/vmrule#enterprise-features):
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: vmalert-ent-example
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spec:
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# enabling enterprise features
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image:
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# enterprise version of vmalert
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tag: v1.93.5-enterprise
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extraArgs:
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# should be true and means that you have the legal right to run a vmalert enterprise
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# that can either be a signed contract or an email with confirmation to run the service in a trial period
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# https://victoriametrics.com/legal/esa/
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eula: true
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# using enterprise features: Multitenancy
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# more details about multitenancy you can read on https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#multitenancy
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clusterMode: true
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# ...other fields...
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---
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMRule
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metadata:
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name: vmrule-ent-example
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spec:
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groups:
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- name: vmalert-1
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rules:
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# using enterprise features: Multitenancy
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# more details about multitenancy you can read on https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmalert#multitenancy
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- tenant: 1
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alert: vmalert config reload error
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expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
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for: 10s
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labels:
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severity: major
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job: "{{ $labels.job }}"
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annotations:
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value: "{{ $value }}"
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description: 'error reloading vmalert config, reload count for 5 min {{ $value }}'
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```
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## Examples
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```yaml
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apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
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kind: VMAlert
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metadata:
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name: example-vmalert
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spec:
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replicaCount: 1
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datasource:
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url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
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notifier:
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url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
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evaluationInterval: "30s"
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selectAllByDefault: true
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```
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