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VictoriaMetrics/docs/operator/quick-start.MD
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---
sort: 9
---
# Quick start
Operator serves to make running VictoriaMetrics applications on top of Kubernetes as easy as possible while preserving Kubernetes-native configuration options.
## Installing by Manifest
Obtain release from releases page:
[https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases)
We suggest use the latest release.
```bash
# Get latest release version from https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest
export VM_VERSION=`basename $(curl -fs -o/dev/null -w %{redirect_url} https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest)`
wget https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/download/$VM_VERSION/bundle_crd.zip
unzip bundle_crd.zip
```
> TIP, operator use monitoring-system namespace, but you can install it to specific namespace with command
> sed -i "s/namespace: monitoring-system/namespace: YOUR_NAMESPACE/g" release/operator/*
First of all, you have to create [custom resource definitions](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator)
```bash
kubectl apply -f release/crds
```
Then you need RBAC for operator, relevant configuration for the release can be found at release/operator/rbac.yaml
Change configuration for operator at `release/operator/manager.yaml`, possible settings: [operator-settings](/vars.MD)
and apply it:
```bash
kubectl apply -f release/operator/
```
Check the status of operator
```bash
kubectl get pods -n monitoring-system
#NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
#vm-operator-667dfbff55-cbvkf 1/1 Running 0 101s
```
## Installing by Kustomize
You can install operator using [Kustomize](https://kubernetes-sigs.github.io/kustomize/) by pointing to the remote kustomization file.
```yaml
# Get latest release version from https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest
export VM_VERSION=`basename $(curl -fs -o/dev/null -w %{redirect_url} https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/releases/latest)`
cat << EOF > kustomization.yaml
apiVersion: kustomize.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Kustomization
resources:
- github.com/VictoriaMetrics/operator/config/default?ref=${VM_VERSION}
images:
- name: victoriametrics/operator
newTag: ${VM_VERSION}
EOF
```
You can change [operator-settings](/vars.MD), or use your custom namespace see [kustomize-example](https://github.com/YuriKravetc/yurikravetc.github.io/tree/main/Operator/kustomize-example).
Build template
```bash
kustomize build . -o monitoring.yaml
```
Apply manifests
```bash
kubectl apply -f monitoring.yaml
```
Check the status of operator
```bash
kubectl get pods -n monitoring-system
#NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
#vm-operator-667dfbff55-cbvkf 1/1 Running 0 101s
```
## Installing to ARM
There is no need in an additional configuration for ARM. Operator and VictoriaMetrics have full support for it.
## Create related resources
The VictoriaMetrics Operator introduces additional resources in Kubernetes to declare the desired state of a Victoria Metrics applications and Alertmanager cluster as well as the Prometheus resources configuration. The resources it introduces are:
* [VMSingle](#vmsingle)
* [VMCluster](#vmcluster)
* [VMAgent](#vmagent)
* [VMAlert](#vmalert)
* [VMAlertmanager](#vmalertmanager)
* [VMServiceScrape](#vmservicescrape)
* [VMRule](#vmrule)
* [VMPodScrape](#vmpodscrape)
* [VMProbe](#vmprobe)
* [VMStaticScrape](#vmstaticscrape)
* [VMAuth](#vmauth)
* [VMUser](#vmuser)
* [Selectors](#Object selectors)
## VMSingle
[VMSingle](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/) represents database for storing metrics, for all possible config options check api [doc](/Operator/api.MD#VMSingle):
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
EOF
```
Configuration can be extended with extraFlags and extraEnv, check flag documentation at [doc](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/master/docs/Single-server-VictoriaMetrics.md)
for instance:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
extraArgs:
dedup.minScrapeInterval: 60s
EOF
```
Flag can be replaced with envVar, it's useful for retrieving value from secret:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
extraEnvs:
- name: DEDUP_MINSCRAPEINTERVAL
valueFrom:
secretKeyRef:
name: vm-secret
key: dedup
EOF
```
## VMCluster
[VMCluster](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/cluster) represent a high-available and fault-tolerant version of VictoriaMetrics database.
For minimal version without persistent create simple custom resource definition:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "1"
vmstorage:
replicaCount: 2
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
EOF
```
For persistent it recommends adding persistent storage to `vmstorage` and `vmselect`:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster-persistent
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "4"
replicationFactor: 2
vmstorage:
replicaCount: 2
storageDataPath: "/vm-data"
storage:
volumeClaimTemplate:
spec:
storageClassName: standard
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
resources:
limits:
cpu: "0.5"
memory: 500Mi
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
cacheMountPath: "/select-cache"
storage:
volumeClaimTemplate:
spec:
resources:
requests:
storage: 2Gi
resources:
limits:
cpu: "0.3"
memory: "300Mi"
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
EOF
```
You may also create cluster version with external vmstorage
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMCluster
metadata:
name: example-vmcluster
spec:
# Add fields here
retentionPeriod: "1"
vmselect:
replicaCount: 2
extraArgs:
storageNode: "node-1:8401,node-2:8401"
vminsert:
replicaCount: 2
extraArgs:
storageNode: "node-1:8401,node-2:8401"
EOF
```
## VMAgent
[VMAgent](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/app/vmagent) - is a tiny but brave agent, which helps you collect metrics from various sources and stores them in [VictoriaMetrics](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics).
It requires access to Kubernetes API and you can create RBAC for it first, it can be found at `release/examples/VMAgent_rbac.yaml`
Or you can use default rbac account, that will be created for `VMAgent` by operator automatically.
```bash
kubectl apply -f release/examples/vmagent_rbac.yaml
```
Modify `VMAgent` config parameters at `release/examples/vmagent.yaml` and apply it, config options [doc](/docs/api.MD#VMAgent)
Example:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
For connecting `VMAgent` to cluster, you have to specify url for it, check url building [doc](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/blob/cluster/README.md#url-format)
Example:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vminsert-example-vmcluster.default.svc.cluster.local:8480/insert/0/prometheus/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
## VMAlertmanager
`VMAlertmanager` - represents alertmanager configuration, first, you have to create secret with a configuration for it.
If there is no secret, default secret will be created with predefined content. It is possible to provide raw yaml config
to the alertmanager.
`VMAlertmanager` has exactly the same logic for filtering `VMAlertmanagerConfig` with `spec.configSelector` and `spec.configNamespaceSelector`
as `VMAgent` does:
- `spec.configNamespaceSelector` - if its nil, only `VMAlertmanagerConfig`s in the `VMAlertmanager` namespace can be selected.
If it's defined with empty value: `spec.configNamespaceSelector: {}` - all namespaces are matched.
You may also add matchLabels or matchExpression syntax, but your namespace must be tagged with specified labels first:
```yaml
spec.configNamespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: default
```
- `spec.configSelector` - it selects `VMAlertmanagerConfig` objects by its labels.
If it's nil, but `spec.configNamespaceSelector` isn't, the last one will be used for selecting.
If it's defined with empty value: `spec.configSelector: {}`, all objects depending on NamespaceSelector.
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: alertmanager-config
stringData:
alertmanager.yaml: |
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_by: ['job']
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 12h
receiver: 'webhook'
receivers:
- name: 'webhook'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://alertmanagerwh:30500/'
EOF
```
Then add `Alertmanager` object, other config options at [doc](/docs/api.MD#Alertmanager)
you have to set configSecret with name of secret, that we created before - `alertmanager-config`.
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanager
metadata:
name: example-alertmanager
spec:
# Add fields here
replicaCount: 1
configSecret: alertmanager-config
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
```
Alertmanager config with raw yaml configuration, use it with care about secret information:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanager
metadata:
name: example-alertmanager-raw-config
spec:
# Add fields here
replicaCount: 1
configSecret: alertmanager-config
configRawYaml: |
global:
resolve_timeout: 5m
route:
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 5m
repeat_interval: 12h
receiver: 'webhook'
receivers:
- name: 'webhook'
webhook_configs:
- url: 'http://localhost:30502/'
EOF
```
## VMAlertmanagerConfig
`VMAlertmanagerConfig` allows managing `VMAlertmanager` configuration.
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlertmanagerConfig
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
inhibit_rules:
- equals: []
target_matchers: []
source_matchers: []
route:
routes:
- receiver: webhook
continue: true
receiver: email
group_by: []
continue: false
matchers:
- job = "alertmanager"
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 45s
repeat_interval: 1h
mute_time_intervals:
- name: base
time_intervals:
- times:
- start_time: ""
end_time: ""
weekdays: []
days_of_month: []
months: []
years: []
receivers:
email_configs: []
webhook_configs:
- url: http://some-other-wh
pagerduty_configs: []
pushover_configs: []
slack_configs: []
opsgenie_configs: []
victorops_configs: []
wechat_configs: []
EOF
```
## VMAlert
[VMAlert](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/tree/master/app/vmalert) - executes a list of given [alerting](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/alerting_rules/) or [recording](https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/recording_rules/) rules against configured address. It
has few required config options - `datasource` and `notifier` are required, for other config parameters check [doc](/Operator/api.MD#VMAlert).
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
```
## VMServiceScrape
It generates part of `VMAgent` configuration with `Endpoint` kubernetes_sd role for service discovery targets
by corresponding `Service` and it's `Endpoint`s.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Let's make some demo, you have to deploy [VMAgent](#VMAgent) and [VMSingle](#VMSingle) from previous step with match any selectors:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
Then deploy three instances of a simple example application, which listens and exposes metrics on port `8080`.
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: example-app
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: example-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: example-app
spec:
containers:
- name: example-app
image: fabxc/instrumented_app
ports:
- name: web
containerPort: 8080
EOF
```
Check status for pods:
```bash
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-app-594f97677c-g72v8 1/1 Running 0 23s
example-app-594f97677c-kn66h 1/1 Running 0 20s
example-app-594f97677c-l8xfd 1/1 Running 0 17s
vm-operator-646df47888-jvfvj 1/1 Running 0 63m
vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv 2/2 Running 1 34m
vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager-0 2/2 Running 0 11m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-794b59ccc6-fnkpt 1/1 Running 0 36m
```
Checking logs for `VMAgent`:
```bash
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent
2020-08-02T18:18:17.226Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-02T18:18:17.229Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-02T18:18:17.289Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 2
```
By default, operator creates `VMServiceScrape` for its components, so we have 2 targets - `VMAgent` and `VMSingle`.
Let's add monitoring to our application:
First we add the `Service` for application:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: example-app
labels:
app: example-app
spec:
selector:
app: example-app
ports:
- name: web
port: 8080
EOF
```
`VMServiceScrape` has a label selector to select `Services` and their underlying Endpoint objects.
`Service` object for the example application selects the Pods by the `app` label having the `example-app` value.
`Service` object also specifies the port on which the metrics exposed.
The final part, add `VMServiceScrape`:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
name: example-app
labels:
team: frontend
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: example-app
endpoints:
- port: web
EOF
```
The `VMServiceScrape` has no labels, but it will be selected by `VMAgent`, because we are launched `VMAgent` with empty selector.
Let's check `VMAgent` logs (you have to wait some time for config sync, usually its around 1 min):
```bash
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent --tail 100
2020-08-03T08:24:13.312Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:106 SIGHUP received; reloading Prometheus configs from "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"
2020-08-03T08:24:13.312Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-03T08:24:13.315Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-03T08:24:13.418Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 3, removed targets: 0; total targets: 5
```
3 new targets added by a config reload.
## VMPodScrape
It generates config part of `VMAgent` with kubernetes_sd role `pod`, that would match all `pods` having specific labels and ports.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Add `VMAgent` and Example app from step above and continue this step.
Let's add 2 new pods:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
app: example-pod
owner: dev
env: test
name: example-app-pod-0
spec:
containers:
- image: fabxc/instrumented_app
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: example-app
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
name: web
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
app: example-pod-scrape
owner: dev
env: dev
name: example-app-pod-1
spec:
containers:
- image: fabxc/instrumented_app
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: example-app
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
name: web
protocol: TCP
resources: {}
EOF
```
Ensure, that pods started:
```bash
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
example-app-594f97677c-g72v8 1/1 Running 0 3m40s
example-app-594f97677c-kn66h 1/1 Running 0 3m37s
example-app-594f97677c-l8xfd 1/1 Running 0 3m34s
example-app-pod-0 1/1 Running 0 14s
example-app-pod-1 1/1 Running 0 14s
vm-operator-646df47888-jvfvj 1/1 Running 0 67m
vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv 2/2 Running 1 37m
vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager-0 2/2 Running 0 14m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-794b59ccc6-fnkpt 1/1 Running 0 40m
```
These pods have the same label `owner: dev` and port named `web`, so we can select them by `VMPodScrape` with matchLabels expression:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMPodScrape
metadata:
name: example-pod-scrape
spec:
podMetricsEndpoints:
- port: web
scheme: http
selector:
matchLabels:
owner: dev
EOF
```
Lets check `VMAgent` logs:
```bash
kubectl logs vmagent-example-vmagent-5777fdf7bf-tctcv vmagent --tail 100
2020-08-03T08:51:13.582Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmagent/remotewrite/remotewrite.go:98 Successfully reloaded relabel configs
2020-08-03T08:51:13.585Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:137 found changes in "/etc/vmagent/config_out/vmagent.env.yaml"; applying these changes
2020-08-03T08:51:13.652Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/promscrape/scraper.go:303 kubernetes_sd_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 7
```
2 new target was added.
## VMRule
It generates `VMAlert` config with ruleset defined at `VMRule` spec.
Lets create `VMAlert` with selector for `VMRule` with label project=devops.
You also need datasource from previous step [VMSingle](#VMSingle) and [VMAgent](#VMAgent) connected to it.
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
ruleSelector:
matchLabels:
project: devops
EOF
```
Ensure, that it started and ready:
```bash
kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=vmalert
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr 2/2 Running 0 2m26s
kubectl logs vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr vmalert
2020-08-03T08:52:21.990Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T08:52:21.992Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:153 group "vmAlertGroup" started with interval 30s
2020-08-03T08:52:21.992Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:76 starting http server at http://:8080/
2020-08-03T08:52:21.993Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:77 pprof handlers are exposed at http://:8080/debug/pprof/
```
`VMAlert` shipped with default rule `vmAlertGroup`
Let's add simple rule for `VMAlert` itself, `delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 1`
```yaml
cat << 'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-reload-config
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
job: "{{ $labels.job }}"
annotations:
value: "{{ $value }}"
description: 'error reloading vmalert config, reload count for 5 min {{ $value }}'
EOF
```
Ensure, that new alert was started:
```bash
kubectl logs vmalert-example-vmalert-6f8748c6f9-hcfrr vmalert
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/web.go:45 api config reload was called, sending sighup
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:115 SIGHUP received. Going to reload rules ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"] ...
2020-08-03T09:07:49.772Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:169 group "vmAlertGroup": received stop signal
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:124 Rules reloaded successfully from ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"]
2020-08-03T09:07:49.773Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/group.go:153 group "vmalert" started with interval 30s
```
Let's trigger it by adding some incorrect rule
```yaml
cat << 'EOF' | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-incorrect-rule
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: incorrect rule
rules:
- alert: vmalert bad config
expr: bad expression
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
annotations:
value: "{{ $badValue | bad function }}"
EOF
```
`VMAlert` will report incorrect rule config and fire alert:
```bash
2020-08-03T09:11:40.672Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:115 SIGHUP received. Going to reload rules ["/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"] ...
2020-08-03T09:11:40.672Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/manager.go:83 reading rules configuration file from "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/*.yaml"
2020-08-03T09:11:40.673Z error VictoriaMetrics/app/vmalert/main.go:119 error while reloading rules: cannot parse configuration file: invalid group "incorrect rule" in file "/etc/vmalert/config/vm-example-vmalert-rulefiles-0/default-example-vmrule-incorrect-rule.yaml": invalid rule "incorrect rule"."vmalert bad config": invalid expression: unparsed data left: "expression"
```
Clean up incorrect rule:
```bash
kubectl delete vmrule example-vmrule-incorrect-rule
```
## VMNodeScrape
`VMNodeScrape` is useful for node exporters monitoring, lets create scraper for cadvisor metrics:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMNodeScrape
metadata:
name: cadvisor-metrics
spec:
scheme: "https"
tlsConfig:
insecureSkipVerify: true
caFile: "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt"
bearerTokenFile: "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token"
relabelConfigs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- targetLabel: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- sourceLabels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
targetLabel: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/$1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
EOF
```
## VMProbe
`VMProbe` required `VMAgent` and some external prober, blackbox exporter in our case. Ensure that you have `VMAgent` and `VMSingle`:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example-vmsingle-persisted
spec:
retentionPeriod: "1"
removePvcAfterDelete: true
storage:
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
resources:
requests:
storage: 1Gi
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
selectAllByDefault: true
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
Then add `BlackBox` exporter with simple config:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
data:
blackbox.yaml: |
modules:
http_2xx:
http:
preferred_ip_protocol: ip4
valid_http_versions:
- HTTP/1.1
- HTTP/2.0
valid_status_codes: []
prober: http
timeout: 5s
---
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- name: http
port: 9115
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
spec:
containers:
- name: blackbox-exporter
image: "prom/blackbox-exporter:v0.17.0"
args:
- "--config.file=/config/blackbox.yaml"
resources:
{}
ports:
- containerPort: 9115
name: http
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: http
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: http
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /config
name: config
volumes:
- name: config
configMap:
name: prometheus-blackbox-exporter
EOF
```
Ensure, that pods are ready:
```bash
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
prometheus-blackbox-exporter-5b5f44bd9c-2szdj 1/1 Running 0 3m3s
vmagent-example-vmagent-84886cd4d9-x8ml6 2/2 Running 1 9m22s
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted-8584486b68-mqg6b 1/1 Running 0 11m
```
Now define some `VMProbe`, lets start with basic static target and probe `VMAgent` with its service address, for accessing
blackbox exporter, you have to specify its url at `VMProbe` config. Lets get both services names:
```bash
kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 4h21m
prometheus-blackbox-exporter ClusterIP 10.105.251.80 <none> 9115/TCP 4m36s
vmagent-example-vmagent ClusterIP 10.102.31.47 <none> 8429/TCP 12m
vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted ClusterIP 10.107.69.7 <none> 8429/TCP 12m
```
So, we will probe `VMAgent` with url - `vmagent-example-vmagent.default.svc:9115/heath` with blackbox url:
`prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115` and module: `http_2xx` it was specified at blackbox configmap.
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMProbe
metadata:
name: probe-agent
spec:
jobName: static-probe
vmProberSpec:
# by default scheme http, and path is /probe
url: prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115
module: http_2xx
targets:
staticConfig:
targets:
- vmagent-example-vmagent.default.svc:8429/health
interval: 2s
EOF
```
Now new target must be added to `VMAgent` configuration, and it starts probing itself throw blackbox exporter.
Let's try another target probe type - `Ingress`. Create ingress rule for `VMSingle` and create `VMProbe` for it:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
labels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
name: victoria-metrics-single
spec:
rules:
- host: vmsingle.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
- host: vmsingle2.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMProbe
metadata:
name: probe-single-ingress
spec:
vmProberSpec:
# by default scheme http, and path is /probe
url: prometheus-blackbox-exporter.default.svc:9115
module: http_2xx
targets:
ingress:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
interval: 10s
EOF
```
This configuration will add 2 additional targets for probing: `vmsingle2.example.com` and `vmsingle.example.com`.
But probes will be unsuccessful, coz there is no such hosts.
## VMStaticScrape
It generates config part of `VMAgent` with static_configs, targets for targetEndpoint is a required parameter.
It has various options for scraping configuration of target (with basic auth,tls access, by specific port name etc).
Add `VMAgent` and Example app from step above and continue this step.
With simple configuration:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMStaticScrape
metadata:
name: vmstaticscrape-sample
spec:
jobName: static
targetEndpoints:
- targets: ["192.168.0.1:9100","196.168.0.50:9100"]
labels:
env: dev
project: operator
EOF
```
2 targets must be added to `VMAgent` scrape config:
```bash
static_configs: added targets: 2, removed targets: 0; total targets: 2
```
## VMAuth
[VMAuth](https://docs.victoriametrics.com/vmauth.html) allows protecting application with authentication and route traffic by rules.
api docs [link](/Operator/api.MD#VMAuthSpec)
First create `VMAuth` configuration:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAuth
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
ingress: {}
selectAllByDefault: true
EOF
```
It will catch all `VMUser` at any kubernetes namespace and create `Ingress` record for it.
```text
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 2/2 Running 0 84s
kubectl get ingress
NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE
vmauth-example <none> * 80 106s
kubectl get secret -l app.kubernetes.io/name=vmauth
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
vmauth-config-example Opaque 1 2m32s
```
Generated configuration can be retrieved with command:
```text
kubectl get secrets/vmauth-config-example -o=go-template='{{index .data "config.yaml.gz"}}' | base64 -d | gunzip
users:
- url_prefix: http://localhost:8428
bearer_token: some-default-token
```
Operator generates default config, if `VMUser`s for given `VMAuth` wasn't found.
## VMUser
`VMUser` configures `VMAuth`. api doc [link](/Operator/api.MD#VMUserSpec)
There are two authentication mechanisms: `bearerToken` and `basicAuth` with `username` and `password`. Only one of them can be used with `VMUser` at one time.
If you need to provide access with different mechanisms for single endpoint, create multiple `VMUsers`.
If `username` is empty, metadata.name from `VMUser` used as `username`.
If `password` is empty, operator generates random password for `VMUser`. This password added to the `Secret` for this `VMUser` at `data.password` field.
Operator creates `Secret` for every `VMUser` with name - `vmuser-{VMUser.metadata.name}`. It places `username` + `password` or `bearerToken` into `data` section.
`TargetRefs` is required field for `VMUser`, it allows to configure routing with:
- `static` ref:
```yaml
- static:
url: http://vmalertmanager.service.svc:9093
```
- `crd` ref, allows to target CRD kind of operator, this `CRDObject` must exist.
```yaml
- crd:
kind: VMAgent
name: example
namespace: default
```
Supported kinds are: `VMAgent, VMSingle, VMAlert, VMAlertmanager, VMCluster/vminsert, VMCluster/vmselect, VMCluster/vmstorage`
`paths` - configures allowed routing paths for given `targetRef`.
Let's create example, with access to `VMSingle` and `VMAlert` as static target:
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMSingle
metadata:
name: example
namespace: default
spec:
retentionPeriod: "2d"
---
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "20s"
ruleSelector: {}
EOF
```
Check its status
```bash
kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
vmalert-example-775b8dfbc9-vzlnv 1/2 Running 0 3s
vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 2/2 Running 0 29m
vmsingle-example-6496b5c95d-k6hhp 1/1 Running 0 3s
```
Then create `VMUser`
```yaml
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMUser
metadata:
name: example
spec:
username: simple-user
password: simple-password
targetRefs:
- crd:
kind: VMSingle
name: example
namespace: default
paths: ["/.*"]
- static:
url: http://vmalert-example.default.svc:8080
paths: ["/api/v1/groups","/api/v1/alerts"]
EOF
```
Configuration changes for `VMAuth` takes some time, coz of mounted secret, its eventually updated by kubelet. Check vmauth log for changes:
```bash
kubectl logs vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 vmauth -f --tail 10
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/main.go:37 started vmauth in 0.000 seconds
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:82 starting http server at http://:8427/
2021-05-31T10:46:40.171Z info VictoriaMetrics/lib/httpserver/httpserver.go:83 pprof handlers are exposed at http://:8427/debug/pprof/
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:143 SIGHUP received; loading -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T10:46:45.077Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:150 Successfully reloaded -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:143 SIGHUP received; loading -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:168 Loaded information about 1 users from "/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
2021-05-31T11:18:21.313Z info VictoriaMetrics/app/vmauth/auth_config.go:150 Successfully reloaded -auth.config="/opt/vmauth/config.yaml"
```
Now lets try to access protected endpoints, i will use port-forward for that:
```bash
kubectl port-forward vmauth-example-ffcc78fcc-xddk7 8427
# at separate terminal execute:
# vmsingle response
curl http://localhost:8427 -u 'simple-user:simple-password'
# vmalert response
curl localhost:8427/api/v1/groups -u 'simple-user:simple-password'
```
Check create secret for application access:
```bash
kubectl get secrets vmuser-example
NAME TYPE DATA AGE
vmuser-example Opaque 2 6m33s
```
## Migration from prometheus-operator objects
By default, the operator converts all existing prometheus-operator API objects into corresponding VictoriaMetrics Operator objects
You can control this behaviour by setting env variable for operator:
```bash
#disable convertion for each object
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PODMONITOR=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_SERVICESCRAPE=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PROMETHEUSRULE=false
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTER_PROBE=false
```
Otherwise, VictoriaMetrics Operator would try to discover prometheus-operator API and convert it.
Conversion of api objects can be controlled by annotations, added to `VMObject`s, there are following annotations:
- `operator.victoriametrics.com/merge-meta-strategy` - it controls syncing of metadata labels and annotations between
`VMObject`s and `Prometheus` api objects during updates to `Prometheus` objects. By default, it has `prefer-prometheus`.
And annotations and labels will be used from `Prometheus` objects, manually set values will be dropped.
You can set it to `prefer-victoriametrics`. In this case all labels and annotations applied to `Prometheus` object
will be ignored and `VMObject` will use own values.
Two additional strategies annotations -`merge-victoriametrics-priority` and `merge-prometheus-priority` merges labelSets into one combined labelSet, with priority.
Example:
```yaml
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: prometheus
operator.victoriametrics.com/merge-meta-strategy: prefer-victoriametrics
labels:
release: prometheus
name: prometheus-monitor
spec:
endpoints: []
```
- `operator.victoriametrics.com/ignore-prometheus-updates` - it controls updates from Prometheus api objects.
By default, it set to `disabled`. You define it to `enabled` state and all updates from Prometheus api objects will be
ignored.
```yaml
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMServiceScrape
metadata:
annotations:
meta.helm.sh/release-name: prometheus
operator.victoriametrics.com/ignore-prometheus-updates: enabled
labels:
release: prometheus
name: prometheus-monitor
spec:
endpoints: []
```
By default the operator doesn't make converted objects disappear after original ones are deleted. To change this behaviour
configure adding `OwnerReferences` to converted objects:
```bash
VM_ENABLEDPROMETHEUSCONVERTEROWNERREFERENCES=true
```
Converted objects will be linked to the original ones and will be deleted by kubernetes after the original ones are deleted.
### prometheus Rule duplication
`Prometheus` allows to specify rules with the same content with-in one group at Rule spec, but its forbidden by vmalert.
You can tell operator to deduplicate this rules by adding annotation to the `VMAlert` crd definition. In this case operator
skips rule with the same values, see example below.
```yaml
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAlert
metadata:
name: example-vmalert-with-dedup
annotations:
operator.victoriametrics.com/vmalert-deduplicate-rules: "true"
spec:
replicaCount: 1
datasource:
url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429"
notifier:
url: "http://vmalertmanager-example-alertmanager.default.svc:9093"
evaluationInterval: "30s"
ruleNamespaceSelector: {}
ruleSelector: {}
```
Now operator will transform this `VMRule`:
```yaml
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMRule
metadata:
name: example-vmrule-reload-config
labels:
project: devops
spec:
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
```
to the rule config:
```yaml
groups:
- name: vmalert
rules:
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 10s
labels:
severity: major
- alert: vmalert config reload error
expr: delta(vmalert_config_last_reload_errors_total[5m]) > 0
for: 2m
labels:
severity: critical
```
## Expose the VMSingle API
> WARNING: Please protect delete endpoint before exposing it [doc](https://github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics#how-to-delete-time-series)
Example for Kubernetes Nginx ingress [doc](https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/examples/auth/basic/)
```bash
#generate creds
htpasswd -c auth foo
#create basic auth secret
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
stringData:
auth: foo:$apr1$wQ0fkxnl$KKOA/OqIZy48CuCB/A1Rc.
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: vm-auth
type: Opaque
EOF
#create ingress rule
cat << EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
annotations:
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-realm: Authentication Required
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-secret: vm-auth
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/auth-type: basic
labels:
app: victoria-metrics-single
name: victoria-metrics-single
spec:
rules:
- host: vmsingle.example.com
http:
paths:
- backend:
serviceName: vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted
servicePort: 8428
path: /
tls:
- hosts:
- vmsingle.example.com
secretName: ssl-name
EOF
#now you can access victoria metrics
curl -u foo:bar https://vmsingle.example/com/metrics
```
## Object selectors
`VMAgent` has four selectors specification for filtering `VMServiceScrape`, `VMProbe`, `VMNodeScrape` and `VMPodScrape` objects.
`VMAlert` has selectors for `VMRule`.
`VMAuth` has selectors for `VMUsers`.
`VMAlertmanager` has selectors for `VMAlertmanagerConfig`.
Selectors are defined with suffixes - `NamespaceSelector` and `Selector`. It allows configuring objects access control across namespaces and different environments.
Following rules are applied:
- `NamespaceSelector` and `Selector` - undefined, by default select nothing. With option set - `spec.selectAllByDefault: true`, select all objects of given type.
- `NamespaceSelector` defined, `Selector` undefined. All objects are matching at namespaces for given `NamespaceSelector`.
- `NamespaceSelector` undefined, `Selector` defined. All objects at `VMAgent`'s namespaces are matching for given `Selector`.
- `NamespaceSelector` defined, `Selector` defined. Only objects at namespaces matched `NamespaceSelector` for given `Selector` are matching.
### Object selector Examples
This configuration will match only namespace with the label - name=default and all `VMServiceScrape` objects at this namespace will be
selected:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeSelector: {}
serviceScrapeNamespaceSelector:
matchLabels:
name: default
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
This configuration will select `VMServiceScrape` and `VMPodScrape` with labels - team=managers,project=cloud at any namespace:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeNamespaceSelector: {}
serviceScrapeSelector:
matchLabels:
team: managers
project: cloud
podScrapeSelector:
matchLabels:
team: managers
project: clo
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
The last one will select any `VMServiceScrape`,`VMProbe` and `VMPodScrape` at `VMAgent` namespace:
```yaml
cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: operator.victoriametrics.com/v1beta1
kind: VMAgent
metadata:
name: example-vmagent
spec:
serviceScrapeSelector: {}
podScrapeSelector: {}
probeSelector: {}
replicaCount: 1
remoteWrite:
- url: "http://vmsingle-example-vmsingle-persisted.default.svc:8429/api/v1/write"
EOF
```
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